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Lamiaceae Taxonomy Browser
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
EOL Text
This wildflower is an annual or biennial about 1-2½' tall that is either unbranched or sparingly so. The central stem is pale green, rather stout, terete or angular, and densely short-pubescent. Pairs of opposite leaves occur along this stem. Individual leaves are 1-3" long, ¼-¾" across, more or less elliptic or elliptic-oblong in shape, smooth along the margins, and either sessile or tapering gradually to a short petiole. The upper leaf surface is pale to medium green and sparsely canescent, while the lower surface is pale green and short-pubescent. The central stem terminates into 2 or more whorls of flowers. Underneath each whorl of flowers, there is a whorl of floral bracts with a colorful leafy appearance. Individual flowers are about ¾" long, consisting of a light pink to purplish pink corolla that is deeply two-lipped, a green to purplish green tubular calyx with 5 teeth that terminate into conspicuous awns, and the reproductive organs (2 stamens & a pistil) that remain largely inserted within the corolla. The narrow upper lip of the corolla functions as a protective hood, while the narrow lower lip has 3 terminal lobes and functions as a landing pad for floral visitors. The upper lip is softly hairy at its apex. The corolla is not spotted, although it may have stripes within its interior. The teeth of the calyx are deltate-linear in shape; including the awns, they are at least 3 times longer than they are across. The floral bracts are about the same size as the true leaves. These bracts are about the same color as the corollas of the flowers (light pink to purplish pink, although with some greenish tints) and more or less oblong in shape; their tips taper abruptly into awns. The blooming period occurs during the summer for 1-2 months. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by nutlets. These nutlets are distributed primarily by gravity and usually they don't travel far from the mother plant.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/lemon_bb.html |
Lemon Bee Balm is not native to Illinois; it is either adventive from the Great Plains or western states, where it is native, or it is an escape from cultivation. As a naturalized plant, Lemon Bee Balm is rare in Illinois, where it has been found only in Cook County (within the NE section of the state). Habitat information is unavailable for Illinois, but in its native range this wildflower is found primarily in dry prairies. It is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/lemon_bb.html |
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Monarda+citriodora |
Chile Central
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Pablo Gutierrez, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
Lemon Bee Balm is not native to Illinois; it is either adventive from the Great Plains or western states, where it is native, or it is an escape from cultivation. As a naturalized plant, Lemon Bee Balm is rare in Illinois, where it has been found only in Cook County (within the NE section of the state). Habitat information is unavailable for Illinois, but in its native range this wildflower is found primarily in dry prairies. It is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/lemon_bb.html |
The nectar of the flowers can be expected to attract such visitors as the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, bumblebees, hummingbird clear-wing moths (Hemaris spp.), and butterflies. There is also some evidence that Checkered beetles (Cleridae) occasionally visit the flowers of Lemon Bee Balm (Mawdsley, 2002). Some insects feed on the foliage and flowers of Monarda spp. (Bee Balms) destructively. This includes caterpillars of such moths as the Gray Marvel (Anterastria teratophora; syn. Agriopodes teratophora), two Pyralid moths (Pyrausta orphisalis and Pyrausta signatalis), and the Hermit Sphinx (Sphinx eremitus). Other insect feeders include a tortoise beetle (Physonota unipunctata), a leaf-footed bug (Euthochtha galeator), a scentless plant bug (Arhyssus nigristernum), and an aphid (Hyalomyzus monardae). Mammalian herbivores dislike the fragrant foliage and avoid consumption of Lemon Bee Balm.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/lemon_bb.html |
Monarda citriodora (Lemon Bee Balm) introduced
(this plant is adventive from the Great Plains; insect activity is unspecified; information is limited; observations are from Mawdsley)
Beetles
Cleridae: Phyllobaenus pubescens (Mwd), Trichodes bibalteatus (Mwd)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2015 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//plants/lm_beebalm.htm |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Monarda+citriodora |
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Monarda+citriodora |