Lamium L.

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Associations:

Foodplant / miner
larva of Amauromyza labiatorum mines leaf of Lamium

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Chrysolina fastuosa grazes on leaf of Lamium

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lasiobelonium mollissimum is saprobic on dead stem of Lamium
Remarks: season: 4-7

Foodplant / gall
larva of Macrolabis lamii causes gall of leaves (terminal) of Lamium

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Mollisiopsis lanceolata is saprobic on dead stem of Lamium
Remarks: season: 5-8

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Ophiomyia labiatarum may be found in stem (near a node) of Lamium

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo atra grazes on leaf of Lamium

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorBioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)
Sourcehttp://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Lamium.htm

Statistics of barcoding coverage:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:133
Specimens with Sequences:174
Specimens with Barcodes:131
Species:29
Species With Barcodes:29
Public Records:98
Public Species:29
Public BINs:0

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
Sourcehttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=162183

Barcode data:

Access Published & Released Data: Download FASTA File

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
Sourcehttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=162183

Lamium:

Lamium (deadnettle) is a genus of about 40-50 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae,[3] of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, but several have become very successful weeds of crop fields and are now widely naturalised across much of the temperate world.[2][4][5]



Description[edit]

The genus includes both annual and perennial species; they spread by both seeds and stems rooting as they grow along the ground. They have square stems and coarsely textured pairs of leaves, often with striking patterns or variegation. They produce double-lipped flowers in a wide range of colours.[6]

The common name "deadnettle" refers to the resemblance of Lamium album[7] to the very distantly related stinging nettles, but unlike those, they do not have stinging hairs and so are harmless or apparently "dead".

Several closely related genera were formerly included in Lamium by some botanists, including Galeopsis (hemp-nettles) and Leonurus (motherworts).[citation needed]

Cultivation[edit]

Lamiums are widely cultivated as groundcover, and numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use.[6] They are frost hardy and grow well in most soils. Flower colour determines planting season and light requirement: white- and purple-coloured flowered species are planted in spring and prefer full sun. The yellow-flowered ones are planted in fall (autumn) and prefer shade. They often have invasive habits and need plenty of room.

Ecology[edit]

Lamium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Angle Shades, Setaceous Hebrew Character and the Coleophora case-bearers C. ballotella, C. lineolea and C. ochripennella.

Species[2]
  1. Lamium album L. - (white deadnettle) - widespread across Europe + northern Asia from Spain + Norway to Japan + Kamchatka; naturalized in New Zealand + North America
  2. Lamium amplexicaule L. - (henbit deadnettle)       - widespread across Europe and northern Asia from Spain + Norway to Japan + Kamchatka, as well as North Africa, Ethiopia, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands; naturalized in New Zealand, Hawaii, South America + North America
  3. Lamium bifidum Cirillo - Mediterranean from Portugal to Romania
  4. Lamium caucasicum Grossh. - Caucasus (southern European Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
  5. Lamium confertum Fr. - northern Europe from Ireland to northern Russia; naturalized in Greenland + Iceland
  6. Lamium coutinhoi J.G.García - Portugal
  7. Lamium demirizii A.P.Khokhr. - Turkey
  8. Lamium eriocephalum Benth. - Turkey
  9. Lamium flexuosum Ten. - Spain, France, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  10. Lamium galactophyllum Boiss. & Reut. - Turkey
  11. Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. - northern + central Europe and western Asia from Spain + Denmark east to Iran + Western Siberia; naturalized in New Zealand + Madeira
  12. Lamium garganicum L. - Mediterranean + western Asia from Portugal to Kazakhstan + Saudi Arabia
  13. Lamium gevorense (Gómez Hern.) Gómez Hern. & A.Pujadas - Spain, Portugal, Corsica
  14. Lamium glaberrimum (K.Koch) Taliev - Crimea
  15. Lamium × holsaticum Prahl - central Europe (L. album × L. maculatum)
  16. Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet - Turkey, Caucasus, Syria, Iran, Iraq
  17. Lamium maculatum (L.) L. - (spotted white deadnettle, purple dragon) - Europe + Middle East from Portugal to Turkey; also Gansu + Xinjiang Provinces of western China
  18. Lamium moluccellifolium (northern deadnettle)
  19. Lamium moschatum Mill. - eastern Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus)
  20. Lamium multifidum L. - Turkey, Caucasus
  21. Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) E.H.L.Krause - Turkey, Syria, Palestine
  22. Lamium orvala L. - Austria, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia
  23. Lamium purpureum L. (red deadnettle) - northern + central Europe and western Asia from Spain + Denmark east to Caucasus + Siberia; naturalized in Korea, Taiwan, North America, New Zealand, Argentina, Falkland Islands
  24. Lamium taiwanense S.S.Ying - Taiwan
  25. Lamium tomentosum Willd. - Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Iraq
  26. Lamium vreemanii A.P.Khokhr. - Turkey

  • Lamium purpureum

  • A close-up of the flowers of Lamium purpureum

  • Lamium orvala

  • Lamium purpureum [8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Linaeus. Sp. Pl.: 579 (1753).
  2. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant families
  3. ^ http://pss.uvm.edu/pss123/perlam.html
  4. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere Lamium includes photos and distribution maps for Europe and North America
  5. ^ Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 157 野芝麻属 ye zhi ma shu Lamium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 579. 1753.
  6. ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964. 
  7. ^ Brown, V. K.; Lawton, J. H.; Grubb, P. J. (29 August 1991). "Herbivory and the Evolution of Leaf Size and Shape [and Discussion]". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 333 (1267): 265–272. doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0076. "... appearance of vegetative plants of white dead-nettles (Lamium album) (Labiatae) bear a close resemblance to stinging nettles (Urtica dioica) (Urticaceae). Stinging hairs deter soft-muzzled, grazing mammals, suggesting that dead-nettles are harmless Batesian mimics. However, many other labiates that do not closely mimic nettles have ovate leaves with serrate margins, so if this is a case of true mimicry, it may have involved rather little modification in leaf shape. ..." 
  8. ^ illustration from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
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Look up lamium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamium&oldid=626959948
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