02647nas a2200277   4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260000800261300001400269490000700283520165900290653002101949653001901970653002601989653002202015653001402037653001402051653001402065653002702079100002402106700002502130700002702155700002502182700002902207856013302236       2005                        eng d00aMolecular phylogenetics of the Macaronesian-endemic genus Bystropogon (Lamiaceae): palaeo-islands, ecological shifts and interisland colonizations0 aMolecular phylogenetics of the Macaronesianendemic genus Bystrop  cApr  a1177–890 v143 aAbstract A molecular phylogenetic study of Bystropogon L'Her. (Lamiaceae) is presented. We performed a cladistic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, and of the trnL gene and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Bystropogon odoratissimus is the only species endemic to the Canary Islands that occurs in the three palaeo-islands of Tenerife. This species is not part of an early diverging lineage of Bystropogon and we suggest that it has a recent origin. This phylogenetic pattern is followed by most of the species endemic to the palaeo-islands of Tenerife. The two sections currently recognized in Bystropogon form two monophyletic groups. Taxa belonging to the section Bystropogon clade show interisland colonization limited to the Canary Islands with ecological shifts among three ecological zones. Taxa from the section Canariense clade show interisland colonization both within the Canary Islands and between the Canary Islands and Madeira. Speciation events within this clade are mostly limited to the laurel forest. The genus has followed a colonization route from the Canaries towards Madeira. This route has also been followed by at least five other plant genera with species endemic to Macaronesia. Major incongruences were found between the current infrasectional classification and the molecular phylogeny, because the varieties of Bystropogon origanifolius and Bystropogon canariensis do not form two monophyletic groups. The widespread B. origanifolius appears as progenitor of the other species in section Bystropogon with a more restricted distribution.10aDNA: Chloroplast10aDNA: Ribosomal10aDNA: Ribosomal Spacer10aGenetic Variation10aGeography10aLamiaceae10aPhylogeny10aSequence Analysis: DNA1 aTrusty, Jennifer, L1 aOlmstead, Richard, G1 aSantos-Guerra, Arnoldo1 aSá-Fontinha, Susana1 aFrancisco-Ortega, Javier  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/molecular-phylogenetics-macaronesian-endemic-genus-bystropogon-lamiaceae-palaeo-islands02073nas a2200313   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001400221490000700235520106300242653005201305653001001357653002101367653001601388653001501404653002201419653002501441653001401466653002201480653002401502100001501526700001601541700002101557700001601578700001901594700001301613856013301626       2007                        eng d00a[Analysis on genetic diversity of different Salvia miltiorrhiza geographical populations in China]0 aAnalysis on genetic diversity of different Salvia miltiorrhiza g  cOct  a1988–910 v323 aOBJECTIVE: To research on genetic diversity of different Salvia miltiorrhiza geographical populations in China. METHOD: The genetic diversity of 27 S. miltiorrhiza geographical populations from ten provinces in China was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The data of amplified bands were analyzed by the software POPGENE and SPSS. RESULT: The ten primers employed produced a total of 528 discernable and reproduceable amplified fragments. There were 476 polymorphic brands. The percentage of polymorphic bands with in different populations was 90.15%. Genetic diversity analysis showed that Neis gene diversity (He) was 0.261 2 and Shannon's genetic diversity index (1) was 0.403 3. The coefficient of gene similarity was 0.504 0-0.789 0 between populations. The cluster map including all samples were obtained by UPGMA. In the map, there were seven cluster groups and one individual outside the groups. CONCLUSION: The genetic diversity with in different geographical population of S. miltiorrhiza in China is plentiful.10aAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis10aChina10aCluster Analysis10aDNA Primers10aDNA: Plant10aGenetic Variation10aGenetics: Population10aPhylogeny10aPlants: Medicinal10aSalvia miltiorrhiza1 aWang, Bing1 aZhang, Yong1 aBin Chen, Cheng-1 aLi, Xiu-Lan1 aChen, Rui-Yang1 aChen, Li  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/analysis-genetic-diversity-different-salvia-miltiorrhiza-geographical-populations-china02470nas a2200301   4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260000800203300001400211490000700225520151100232653001801743653001501761653001901776653002601795653002201821653001401843653002201857653003001879653002501909653001101934653002301945653002701968100001501995700001502010700002002025856012302045       2007                        eng d00a[Analysis of ITS sequences of some medicinal plants and their related species in Salvia]0 aAnalysis of ITS sequences of some medicinal plants and their rel  cDec  a1309–130 v423 aMolecular systematic techniques were applied to reveal the genetic diversity of medicinal plants and their related species in Salvia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as well as 5.8S rDNA sequences of 27 samples of Salvia were amplified using PCR method and sequenced. Mega 3.1 was used to analyze the genetic diversity within genus. The complete sequences of ITS plus 5.8S rDNA are about 612-617 bp. A phylogenetic tree generated by Neighbor-Joining method partly supported the morphological classification within Salvia, but incompatible results were also obtained in the treatment of phylogenetic positions of some species such as Salvia trijuga, Salvia flava var. flava and Salvia flava var. megalentha. The ITS regions of present Salria species showed considerable variation between subgenera in contrast with the conservative 5.8S rDNA sequences. The native Salvia species might have a different origin from the foreign species. The phylogenetic positions of subgenera and sections inferred by ITS analysis were comparable with that of traditional classification, while the phylogeny within sections is still doubtful due to limited information in ITS sequence and need to be further proved by other evidence. ITS analysis in this study supports the rationality of using species from Drymosphace section as substitute drug resources of Dan shen, but also reveals significant genetic differences between high mountain Dan shen species such as Salvia przewalskii with traditional Dan shen origins.10aBase Sequence10aDNA: Plant10aDNA: Ribosomal10aDNA: Ribosomal Spacer10aGenetic Variation10aPhylogeny10aPlants: Medicinal10aPolymerase Chain Reaction10aRNA: Ribosomal: 5.8S10aSalvia10aSequence Alignment10aSequence Analysis: DNA1 aWang, Ying1 aLi, Da-hui1 aZhang, Ying-tao  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/analysis-its-sequences-some-medicinal-plants-and-their-related-species-salvia02537nas a2200313   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000800230300001400238490000700252520158900259653002501848653001701873653001701890653002001907653001901927653002201946653001201968653001401980653001301994653001402007653001002021100002102031700002902052700002702081700002302108700002202131856007002153       2002                        eng d00aOrigin of Macaronesian Sideritis L. (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast sequence datasets0 aOrigin of Macaronesian Sideritis L Lamioideae Lamiaceae inferred  cJun  a293–3060 v233 aSideritis L. (Lamiaceae) comprises approximately 150 species of annuals and perennials distributed chiefly in the Mediterranean region. The majority of the species belong to the continental subgenus Sideritis which is divided into two perennial (Sideritis and Empedoclea) and two annual (Hesiodia and Burgsdorfia) sections. Twenty-three species are woody perennials endemic to the Macaronesian archipelagos of Madeira and the Canary Islands. In an effort to determine the continental origin of the insular group, we constructed independent phylogenies comprising sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear markers. Sampling included 7 island taxa drawn from the Macaronesian subgenus Marrubiastrum and 25 continental taxa representing all four sections of subgenus Sideritis. Subgenus Marrubiastrum and the two continental perennial sections form well-supported monophyletic groups in both individual and combined analyses. The annual sections are not monophyletic in any analysis; further sampling of annual taxa is needed to resolve these relationships. All analyses identified Sideritis cossoniana, an annual species from Morocco, as the closest continental relative of the Macaronesian group. This contrasts with the hypothesis of earlier workers who suggested that the insular taxa were most closely related to eastern Mediterranean species of the genus. The phylogenies also demonstrate a distinct increase in woodiness among the Macaronesian species relative to their continental congeners, providing further support for the secondary nature of woodiness in island plants.10aBiological Evolution10aCell Nucleus10aChloroplasts10aDNA: Intergenic10aDNA: Ribosomal10aGenetic Variation10aIntrons10aPhylogeny10aPortugal10aSideritis10aSpain1 aBarber, Janet, C1 aFrancisco-Ortega, Javier1 aSantos-Guerra, Arnoldo1 aTurner, Kathryn, G1 aJansen, Robert, K  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(02)00018-002657nas a2200325   4500008004100000245016800041210006900209260000800278300001400286490000800300520151200308653002401820653003801844653002201882653002801904653002401932653002101956653001401977653003401991653001302025653001302038100001702051700003202068700001802100700001902118700001502137700002202152700002002174856013702194       2004                        eng d00aThe biochemical and molecular basis for the divergent patterns in the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenylpropenes in the peltate glands of three cultivars of basil0 abiochemical and molecular basis for the divergent patterns in th  cNov  a3724–360 v1363 aSurface glandular trichomes distributed throughout the aerial parts of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) produce and store monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and phenylpropene volatiles. Three distinct basil chemotypes were used to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence in their monoterpene and sesquiterpene content. The relative levels of specific terpenes in the glandular trichomes of each cultivar were correlated with the levels of transcripts for eight genes encoding distinct terpene synthases. In a cultivar that produces mostly (R)-linalool, transcripts of (R)-linalool synthase (LIS) were the most abundant of these eight. In a cultivar that synthesizes mostly geraniol, transcripts of geraniol synthase were the most abundant, but the glands of this cultivar also contained a transcript of an (R)-LIS gene with a 1-base insertion that caused a frameshift mutation. A geraniol synthase-LIS hybrid gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein catalyzed the formation of both geraniol and (R)-linalool from geranyl diphosphate. The total amounts of terpenes were correlated with total levels of terpene synthase activities, and negatively correlated with levels of phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. The relative levels of geranyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase activities did not correlate with the total amount of terpenes produced, but showed some correlation with the ratio of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes.10aAmino Acid Sequence10aGene Expression Regulation: Plant10aGenetic Variation10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Structure10aOcimum basilicum10aPhylogeny10aSequence Homology: Amino Acid10aStyrenes10aTerpenes1 aIijima, Yoko1 aDavidovich-Rikanati, Rachel1 aFridman, Eyal1 aGang, David, R1 aBar, Einat1 aLewinsohn, Efraim1 aPichersky, Eran  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/biochemical-and-molecular-basis-divergent-patterns-biosynthesis-terpenes-and-phenylpropenes01809nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187300001300195490000800208520115800216653002501374653002201399653001201421653000901433653001401442100002101456700001801477856010801495       2006                        eng d00aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae: Mentheae)0 aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus Lamiaceae Men  cNov  a633–440 v1193 aNutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 16 species in the genus Lycopus were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The nutlets of all taxa in the genus Lycopus are well adapted to typical hydrochory (or nautochory) with an air-filled pericarp, and myxocarpy was not at all found. It is noteworthy that the nutlet morphology (in particular the shape of corky crests and corky ring and the distribution of glandular trichomes) and pericarp anatomy of Lycopus are unique and are well distinguished from the other genera in the tribe Mentheae. We also found some groups of the species within the genus Lycopus by the present nutlet morphological and anatomical data that appear to be useful as diagnostic characteristics for delineation purposes at the specific/interspecific levels. The earlier infrageneric classification for the genus Lycopus is, however, not well supported by the present results. In addition, the systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics investigated are briefly discussed.10aEvolution: Molecular10aGenetic Variation10aLycopus10aNuts10aPhylogeny1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aHong, Suk-Pyo  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/nutlet-morphology-and-anatomy-genus-lycopus-lamiaceae-mentheae02795nas a2200349   4500008004100000245018200041210006900223260000800292300001300300490000700313520157300320653002701893653002101920653002301941653001601964653002101980653002202001653002802023653001202051653001402063653002802077653001402105653003002119653002702149100002102176700001902197700002602216700001902242700002802261700002002289856013602309       2006                        eng d00aMolecular evidence for adaptive radiation of Micromeria Benth. (Lamiaceae) on the Canary Islands as inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences and ISSR fingerprint data0 aMolecular evidence for adaptive radiation of Micromeria Benth La  cDec  a566–780 v413 aThe Canary Islands have been a focus for phylogeographic studies on the colonization and diversification of endemic angiosperm taxa. Based on phylogeographic patterns, both inter island colonization and adaptive radiation seem to be the driving forces for speciation in most taxa. Here, we investigated the diversification of Micromeria on the Canary Islands and Madeira at the inter- and infraspecific level using inter simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR), the trnK-Intron and the trnT-trnL-spacer of the cpDNA and a low copy nuclear gene. The genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae, Mentheae) includes 16 species and 13 subspecies in Macaronesia. Most taxa are restricted endemics, or grow in similar ecological conditions on two islands. An exception is M. varia, a widespread species inhabits the lowland scrub on each island of the archipelago and could represent an ancestral taxon from which radiation started on the different islands. Our analyses support a split between the "eastern" islands Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Gran Canaria and the "western" islands Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. The colonization of Madeira started from the western Islands, probably from Tenerife as indicated by the sequence data. We identified two lineages of Micromeria on Gomera but all other islands appear to be colonized by a single lineage, supporting adaptive radiation as the major evolutionary force for the diversification of Micromeria. We also discuss the possible role of gene flow between lineages of different Micromeria species on one island after multiple colonizations.10aAdaptation: Biological10aAtlantic Islands10aDna Fingerprinting10aDNA Primers10aDNA: Chloroplast10aGenetic Variation10aGeranyltranstransferase10aIntrons10aLamiaceae10aMolecular Sequence Data10aPhylogeny10aPolymerase Chain Reaction10aSequence Analysis: DNA1 aMeimberg, Harald1 aAbele, Tilmann1 aBräuchler, Christian1 aMcKay, John, K1 ade Paz, Pedro, L Pérez1 aHeubl, Günther  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/molecular-evidence-adaptive-radiation-micromeria-benth-lamiaceae-canary-islands-inferred-003028nas a2200301   4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260000800245300001300253490000800266520210300274653001802377653002102395653001402416653001802430653002202448653001302470653002702483653001202510653001402522653001902536653002402555653003102579653001002610100002602620700002302646856005702669       2007                        eng d00aPopulation genetic structure and hybridization patterns in the Mediterranean endemics Phlomis lychnitis and P. crinita (Lamiaceae)0 aPopulation genetic structure and hybridization patterns in the M  cOct  a735–460 v1003 aBACKGROUND AND AIMS: The historical influence of gene flow and genetic drift after the last glacial phase of the Quaternary Period is reflected in current levels of genetic diversity and population structure of plant species. Moreover, hybridization after secondary contact might also affect population genetic diversity and structure. An assessment was made of the genetic variation and hybrid zone structure in Iberian populations of the Mediterranean Phlomis lychnitis and P. crinita, for which phylogenetic relationships are controversial, and hybridization and introgression are common. METHODS: Allozyme variation at 13 loci was analysed in 1723 individual plants sampled from 35 natural locations of P. lychnitis, P. crinita subsp. malacitana and P. crinita subsp. crinita in southern and eastern Spain. Standard genetic diversity parameters were calculated and patterns of genetic structure in each taxon were tested to fit the equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift. Individual multilocus genotypes were subjected to Bayesian clustering analysis to estimate hybridization and introgression rates for both geographic regions. KEY RESULTS: Contrasting patterns in the distribution of genetic variation among the three taxa were found. Phlomis lychnitis showed no significant inbreeding, low genetic differentiation among populations and no evidence of isolation by distance. Phlomis crinita subsp. malacitana and P. crinita subsp. crinita showed high levels of genetic structure consistent with a pattern of gene flow-drift equilibrium. Higher instances of hybridization and introgression were detected in locations from southern Spain compared with locations from eastern Spain, matching unimodal and bimodal hybrid zones, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High instances of historical gene flow, range expansion and altitudinal movement during the Quaternary Period, and lineage sorting can explain the diversity of patterns observed. The results suggest that P. lychnitis is the most differentiated lineage in the group; however, the relationship between the three taxa remains unclear.10aBayes Theorem10aCluster Analysis10aGene Flow10aGenetic Drift10aGenetic Variation10aGenotype10aHybridization: Genetic10aPhlomis10aPhylogeny10aPlant Proteins10aPopulation Dynamics10aSequence Analysis: Protein10aSpain1 aAlbaladejo, Rafael, G1 aAparicio, Abelardo  uhttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/100/4/735.long02240nas a2200313   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260000800183300001200191490000700203520130400210653001301514653002101527653001601548653001501564653001401579653002201593653001401615653001701629653002201646653004701668653002801715100001801743700001201761700001701773700001801790700001401808856010401822       2006                        eng d00a[RAPD analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplasms]0 aRAPD analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplas  cMar  a452–50 v313 aOBJECTIVE: To provide reference for breeding Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplasms,and to explore their genetic diversities and different strains. METHOD: The RAPD method was applied to the study on S. baicalensis from different germplasms by use of 14 random primers about 10 bp, and SAPD-analysis of 34 S. baicalensis from different germplasms was carried out by using the method of withingroups-linkage in SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: 14 among 115 primers were selected to amplify about 165 segments of DNA. Among them, 132 segments of DNA, 80.0% of the total, can represent genetic of diversities of S. baicalensis. According to RAPD analysis, 34 germplasms of S. baicalensis were classified into A, B, C and D categories. CONCLUSION: S. baicalensis from different germplasms shows abundant genetic diversities. Germplasms from Shandong like Mengyin 3, Menyin 2 and Pingyi have close distance (0.315) in genetic background, which can be chosen for breeding of cultivated. Though genetic characters are similar in the morphology, the geological distribution of S. baicalensis and its morphology have not certain correlation. The complex genetic background of S. baicalensis indicate that the work of the selective breeding and management for breeding of S. baicalensis have to be strengthened.10aBreeding10aCluster Analysis10aDNA Primers10aDNA: Plant10aEcosystem10aGenetic Variation10aPhylogeny10aPlant Leaves10aPlants: Medicinal10aRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique10aScutellaria baicalensis1 aShao, Ai-Juan1 aLi, Xin1 aHuang, Lu-Qi1 aLin, Shu-Fang1 aChen, Jun  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/rapd-analysis-scutellaria-baicalensis-different-germplasms01469nas a2200301   4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000800237300001300245490000800258520047600266653001000742653003800752653001500790653002200805653001400827653002600841653001400867653004700881653001000928100001500938700001300953700001700966700001900983700001501002700001601017856013401033       2006                        eng d00aGenetic diversity and population structure of Lamiophlomis rotata (Lamiaceae), an endemic species of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau0 aGenetic diversity and population structure of Lamiophlomis rotat  cJan  a385–940 v1283 a{Lamiophlomis rotata (Lamiaceae), a perennial medicinal herb, is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 188 individuals from eight natural populations of L. rotata in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (four from Tibet, two from Yunnan, and two from Qinghai) were analyzed using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. Our results revealed that the level of genetic variation in L. rotata was relatively high (P = 94.85%10aChina10aConservation of Natural Resources10aDNA: Plant10aGenetic Variation10aLamiaceae10aMinisatellite Repeats10aPhylogeny10aRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique10aTibet1 aLiu, Jimei1 aWang, Li1 aGeng, Yupeng1 aWang, Qingbiao1 aLuo, Lijun1 aZhong, Yang  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/genetic-diversity-and-population-structure-lamiophlomis-rotata-lamiaceae-endemic-species