03113nas a2200457   4500008004100000245018300041210006900224260000800293300001300301490000700314520157800321653002401899653001301923653002301936653002101959653001201980653002501992653002002017653004402037653003802081653001602119653002302135653002802158653002402186653003102210653001302241653002102254653001402275653002502289653003402314653002602348100001902374700001502393700001902408700001502427700001802442700002202460700002002482700002002502856013302522       2002                        eng d00aCharacterization of phenylpropene O-methyltransferases from sweet basil: facile change of substrate specificity and convergent evolution within a plant O-methyltransferase family0 aCharacterization of phenylpropene Omethyltransferases from sweet  cFeb  a505–190 v143 aSome basil varieties are able to convert the phenylpropenes chavicol and eugenol to methylchavicol and methyleugenol, respectively. Chavicol O-methyltransferase (CVOMT) and eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT) cDNAs were isolated from the sweet basil variety EMX-1 using a biochemical genomics approach. These cDNAs encode proteins that are 90% identical to each other and very similar to several isoflavone O-methyltransferases such as IOMT, which catalyzes the 4'-O-methylation of 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone. On the other hand, CVOMT1 and EOMT1 are related only distantly to (iso)eugenol OMT from Clarkia breweri, indicating that the eugenol O-methylating enzymes in basil and C. breweri evolved independently. Transcripts for CVOMT1 and EOMT1 were highly expressed in the peltate glandular trichomes on the surface of the young basil leaves. The CVOMT1 and EOMT1 cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli, and active proteins were produced. CVOMT1 catalyzed the O-methylation of chavicol, and EOMT1 also catalyzed the O-methylation of chavicol with equal efficiency to that of CVOMT1, but it was much more efficient in O-methylating eugenol. Molecular modeling, based on the crystal structure of IOMT, suggested that a single amino acid difference was responsible for the difference in substrate discrimination between CVOMT1 and EOMT1. This prediction was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis, in which the appropriate mutants of CVOMT1 (F260S) and EOMT1 (S261F) were produced that exhibited the opposite substrate preference relative to the respective native enzyme.10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnisoles10aDNA: Complementary10aEscherichia coli10aEugenol10aEvolution: Molecular10aGene Expression10aGene Expression Regulation: Enzymologic10aGene Expression Regulation: Plant10aIsoflavones10aMethyltransferases10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Structure10aMutagenesis: Site-Directed10aMutation10aOcimum basilicum10aPhylogeny10aRecombinant Proteins10aSequence Homology: Amino Acid10aSubstrate Specificity1 aGang, David, R1 aLavid, Noa1 aZubieta, Chloe1 aChen, Feng1 aBeuerle, Till1 aLewinsohn, Efraim1 aNoel, Joseph, P1 aPichersky, Eran  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/characterization-phenylpropene-o-methyltransferases-sweet-basil-facile-change-substrate01809nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187300001300195490000800208520115800216653002501374653002201399653001201421653000901433653001401442100002101456700001801477856010801495       2006                        eng d00aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae: Mentheae)0 aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus Lamiaceae Men  cNov  a633–440 v1193 aNutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 16 species in the genus Lycopus were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The nutlets of all taxa in the genus Lycopus are well adapted to typical hydrochory (or nautochory) with an air-filled pericarp, and myxocarpy was not at all found. It is noteworthy that the nutlet morphology (in particular the shape of corky crests and corky ring and the distribution of glandular trichomes) and pericarp anatomy of Lycopus are unique and are well distinguished from the other genera in the tribe Mentheae. We also found some groups of the species within the genus Lycopus by the present nutlet morphological and anatomical data that appear to be useful as diagnostic characteristics for delineation purposes at the specific/interspecific levels. The earlier infrageneric classification for the genus Lycopus is, however, not well supported by the present results. In addition, the systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics investigated are briefly discussed.10aEvolution: Molecular10aGenetic Variation10aLycopus10aNuts10aPhylogeny1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aHong, Suk-Pyo  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/nutlet-morphology-and-anatomy-genus-lycopus-lamiaceae-mentheae02487nas a2200289   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260000800200300001300208490000700221520160500228653001601833653002701849653002501876653001001901653002001911653001401931653001901945653002401964653001301988100001202001700001402013700001502027700001302042700001402055856012802069       2004                        eng d00aAmino acids composition of Teucrium nutlet proteins and their systematic significance0 aAmino acids composition of Teucrium nutlet proteins and their sy  cOct  a615–210 v943 aBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plant species are considered as a good source of dietary proteins, although the nutritional quality of proteins depends on their amino acid composition. In this work the protein content and amino acid composition of nutlets of 21 Teucrium taxa (Lamiaceae) from Spain were analysed and their nutritional quality was compared with the minimum values established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In addition, the amino acid composition was evaluated as a chemical character to clarify the taxonomic complexity in this genus. METHODS: Amino acid content of nutlets was determined after derivatization with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Previously, nutlets samples were hydrolysed and incubated in an oven at 110 degrees C for 24 h. KEY RESULTS: The protein content was variable, ranging from 6.4 % in T. dunense to 43.8 % in T. algarbiense. According to the FAO values all taxa contain satisfactory amounts of leucine, threonine and valine and are deficient in lysine. The similarity analysis of Teucrium taxa using amino acid composition data did not clearly reflect the infrageneric classification of this genus. CONCLUSIONS: Annual species, such as T. spinosum, T. aristatum and T. resupinatum showed a better balanced amino acid composition. The dendrogram partly matched with the karyological complexity of Teucrium. No correlation between amino acid composition and habitat has been observed, showing that Teucrium nutlet amino acid composition may not be strongly influenced by the environment.10aAmino Acids10aAmino Acids: Essential10aEvolution: Molecular10aFruit10aNutritive Value10aPhylogeny10aPlant Proteins10aSpecies Specificity10aTeucrium1 aJuan, R1 aPastor, J1 aMillán, F1 aAlaiz, M1 aVioque, J  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/amino-acids-composition-teucrium-nutlet-proteins-and-their-systematic-significance02990nas a2200445   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000800231300001400239490000700253520151700260653002401777653002301801653001501824653002501839653002801864653004101892653003001933653001301963653001601976653002301992653002202015653002802037653002402065653002102089653001402110653001902124653002102143653001502164653005202179653003402231653002602265100002002291700002402311700001802335700001802353700002202371700001902393856013202412       2007                        eng d00aEvolution of Cinnamate/p-coumarate carboxyl methyltransferases and their role in the biosynthesis of methylcinnamate0 aEvolution of Cinnamatepcoumarate carboxyl methyltransferases and  cOct  a3212–290 v193 aMethylcinnamate, which is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, is a significant component of many floral scents and an important signaling molecule between plants and insects. Comparison of an EST database obtained from the glandular trichomes of a basil (Ocimum basilicum) variety that produces high levels of methylcinnamate (line MC) with other varieties producing little or no methylcinnamate identified several very closely related genes belonging to the SABATH family of carboxyl methyltransferases that are highly and almost exclusively expressed in line MC. Biochemical characterization of the corresponding recombinant proteins showed that cinnamate and p-coumarate are their best substrates for methylation, thus designating these enzymes as cinnamate/p-coumarate carboxyl methyltransferases (CCMTs). Gene expression, enzyme activity, protein profiling, and metabolite content analyses demonstrated that CCMTs are responsible for the formation of methylcinnamate in sweet basil. A phylogenetic analysis of the entire SABATH family placed these CCMTs into a clade that includes indole-3-acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferases and a large number of uncharacterized carboxyl methyltransferase-like proteins from monocots and lower plants. Structural modeling and ligand docking suggested active site residues that appear to contribute to the substrate preference of CCMTs relative to other members of the SABATH family. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific residues confirmed these findings.10aAmino Acid Sequence10aBlotting: Southern10aCinnamates10aEvolution: Molecular10aExpressed Sequence Tags10aGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry10aGene Expression Profiling10aKinetics10aMethylation10aMethyltransferases10aModels: Molecular10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Structure10aOcimum basilicum10aPhylogeny10aPlant Proteins10aProtein Isoforms10aProteomics10aReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction10aSequence Homology: Amino Acid10aSubstrate Specificity1 aKapteyn, Jeremy1 aQualley, Anthony, V1 aXie, Zhengzhi1 aFridman, Eyal1 aDudareva, Natalia1 aGang, David, R  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/evolution-cinnamatep-coumarate-carboxyl-methyltransferases-and-their-role-biosynthesis02598nas a2200193   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300001300249490000800262520197300270653002502243653001202268653001402280653001102294100001902305700002302324856005702347       2007                        eng d00aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever0 aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia Lamiaceae molecular phylo  cAug  a375–910 v1003 aBACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented. METHODS: Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera. KEY RESULTS: These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.10aEvolution: Molecular10aFlowers10aPhylogeny10aSalvia1 aWalker, Jay, B1 aSytsma, Kenneth, J  uhttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/100/2/375.long