02789nas a2200349   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000800211300001400219490000700233520154900240653001001789653002301799653000601822653004801828653002201876653001701898653001801915653000801933653001701941653001801958653001801976653005101994653002302045653002002068653002702088100001602115700001702131700001502148700001602163856026002179       2001                        eng d00aPhenolics in Moroccan medicinal plant species as studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy0 aPhenolics in Moroccan medicinal plant species as studied by elec  cJan  a391–3980 v393 aA chemical survey of 49 Moroccan medicinal plant species comprising 45 genera of 27 families was performed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides were especially evident as strong chemotaxonomic markers for the subfamily Lamioideae of the Lamiaceae, being observed in Marrubium vulgare, Aloysia triphylla and possibly recorded here for the first time in Oxyris quadripartita (Santalaceae). Chlorogenic acid was observed in Artemisia herba-alba but not in A. absinthium or in two other Asteraceae species. Rosmarinic acid was observed in Mentha spicata, Nepeta apulaei, Nepeta sp., Thymus maroccanus and T saturoides, all belonging to subfamily Nepetoideae of Lamiaceae. However, the acid was not observed in four other species of the subfamily. Thymoquinol was observed in Curcubita pepo, Crotalaria saharae, Nigella sativa (seed) and Piper longum but not in P Cubeba. The compound was also found in Thymus maroccanus but not in T saturoides. A strong signal of lawsone was observed with Lawsonia inermis. A naphthohydroquinone of unknown structure as well as juglone were observed from the stem bark of Juglans regia. Protocatechuic and caffeic acids were observed in the seeds of Ricinus communis, Aloysia triphylla and in Nepeta sp. Gallic acid and/or its esters were observed in six species of six families and often observed together, e.g., in the leaves of Euphorbia falcata. 6-Hydroxydopamine was identified in Piper long-uni. No ESR detectable phenolics were observed in nearly 20 species.10a(E.G.10a27 Families) (E.G.10a310a4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid Glycosides) (E.G.10a6-Hydroxydopamine10aCaffeic Acid10aChemotaxonomy10aEsr10aGallic Acid)10aJuglandaceae)10aJuglans Regia10aMoroccan Medicinal Plant Species (45 Genera Of10aPhenolic Compounds10aRosmarinic Acid10aTaxonomic Implications1 aMouhajir, F1 aPedersen, JA1 aRejdali, M1 aTowers, GHN  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000172801000014&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image03120nas a2200349   4500008004100000245018100041210006900222260000800291300001400299490000800313520197500321653002102296653002402317653001702341653002802358653002402386653001402410653001702424653002102441653001102462100001402473700001602487700002702503700001302530700001602543700001302559700001402572700002002586700001402606700001502620856013502635       2001                        eng d00aMalonyl-CoA:anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside-6"'-O-malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) flowers. Enzyme purification, gene cloning, expression, and characterization0 aMalonylCoAanthocyanin 5Oglucoside6Omalonyltransferase from scarl  cDec  a49013–90 v2763 aThe orange to blue coloration of flowers in nature is, in most cases, provided by anthocyanins, a class of plant flavonoids, many of which are modified by malonyl group(s). However, the identity of the enzyme catalyzing the malonylation reaction remains to be established. Here, we describe for the first time the purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of an anthocyanin malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) flowers. The purified enzyme (termed Ss5MaT1) was a monomeric 50-kDa protein catalyzing the regiospecific transfer of the malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the 6"'-hydroxyl group of the 5-glucosyl moiety of anthocyanins. Ss5MaT1 showed a k(cat) value of 7.8 s(-1) at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0 for the malonylation of bisdemalonylsalvianin (pelargonidin 3-(6"-O-caffeyl-beta-glucopyranoside)-5-beta-glucopyranoside) and K(m) values of 101 microm and 57 microm for bisdemalonylsalvianin and malonyl-CoA, respectively. p-Coumaric acid, which mimics an aromatic acyl group linked to the 3-glucosidic moiety of an anthocyanin substrate, was a competitive inhibitor with respect to the substrate. This strongly suggests that the presence of an aromatic acyl group at the 3-glucosidic moiety of anthocyanin is important for substrate recognition by the enzyme. On the basis of the partial amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme, we isolated a cDNA encoding Ss5MaT1. Ss5MaT1 consisted of 462 amino acids and shared motifs that are commonly found among members of a versatile plant acyltransferase family, which was recently shown to include numerous homologs of unknown biochemical functions. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcripts of Ss5MaT1 were detected in petals, sepals, bracts, and red stems, in accordance with the pigment accumulation patterns. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the aliphatic and aromatic acylations of anthocyanins are generally catalyzed by subfamily members of the plant acyltransferase family.10aAcyltransferases10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnthocyanins10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Structure10aPhylogeny10aPigmentation10aPlant Structures10aSalvia1 aSuzuki, H1 aNakayama, T1 aYonekura-Sakakibara, K1 aFukui, Y1 aNakamura, N1 aNakao, M1 aTanaka, Y1 aYamaguchi, M, A1 aKusumi, T1 aNishino, T  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/malonyl-coaanthocyanin-5-o-glucoside-6-o-malonyltransferase-scarlet-sage-salvia-splendens02522nas a2200313   4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260000800173300001600181490000700197520162900204653001001833653001601843653001301859653001901872653001501891653001101906653002001917653001901937653001101956653002001967653003801987653001402025653001902039653002002058100001302078700001302091856010402104       2001                        eng d00aAntioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs0 aAntioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs  cJan  a5165–51700 v493 aThe antioxidant capacities (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic contents in extracts of 27 culinary herbs and 12 medicinal herbs were determined. The ORAC values and total phenolic contents for the medicinal herbs ranged from 1.88 to 22.30 mu mol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh weight and 0.23 to 2.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of fresh weight, respectively. Origanum x majoricum, O. vulgare ssp. hirtum, and Poliomintha longiflora have higher ORAC and phenolic contents as compared to other culinary herbs. The ORAC values and total phenolic content for the culinary herbs ranged from 2.35 to 92.18 mu mol of TE/g of fresh weight and 0.26 to 17.51 mg of GAE/g of fresh weight, respectively. These also were much higher than values found in the medicinal herbs. The medicinal herbs with the highest ORAC values were Catharanthus roseus, Thymus vulgaris, Hypericum perforatum, and Artemisia annua. A linear relationship existed between ORAC values and total phenolic contents of the medicinal herbs (R = 0.919) and culinary herbs (R = 0.986). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in selected herbs. Among the identified phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum x majoricum, and P. longiflora, whereas quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 2)-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 6)-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 2)-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 6)-glucoside were predominant phenolic compounds in Ginkgo biloba leaves.10aAcids10aAntioxidant10aCapacity10aCulinary Herbs10aFlavonoids10aFruits10aGinkgo-Biloba L10aIdentification10aLeaves10aMedicinal Herbs10aPerformance Liquid-Chromatography10aPhenolics10aPlant-Extracts10aThymus-Vulgaris1 aZheng, W1 aWang, SY  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/antioxidant-activity-and-phenolic-compounds-selected-herbs01523nas a2200253   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260000800184300001400192490000700206520049600213653009000709653006000799653002600859653002100885653001400906653001500920100001400935700001500949700001500964700001300979700001700992856026001009       2001                        eng d00aAcacetin glycosides as taxonomic markers in Calamintha and Micromeria0 aAcacetin glycosides as taxonomic markers in Calamintha and Micro  cJan  a943–9470 v583 aA new acetylated flavone glycoside, acacetin 7-O-[6''''-O-atcetylglucosyl(1''''–>2 ")]rhamnosyl(1'''–>6 " )glucoside, has been isolated from the leaves of Calamintha glandulosa. together with the known compound acacetin 7-O-rhamnosyl(1'''–>6 " )glucoside. The occurrence of these flavonoids in the closely related genera Satureja, Micromeria, Acinos and Clinopodium indicates that their distribution may be of taxonomic significance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.10aAcacetin 7-O-[6 ''''-O-Acetylglucosyl(1 ''''-> 2 '')]Rhamnosyl(1 '''-> 6 '')Glucoside10aAcacetin 7-O-Rhamnosyl(1 '''-> 6 '')Glucoside (Linarin)10aCalamintha Glandulosa10aChemosystematics10aLamiaceae10aMicromeria1 aMarin, PD1 aGrayer, RJ1 aVeitch, NC1 aKite, GC1 aHarborne, JB  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000172499300015&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02472nas a2200325   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260000800266300001400274490000700288520137700295653001701672653001301689653003501702653001501737653004401752653003801796653001301834653001401847653001301861653003001874653001401904653002101918100001401939700001201953700001401965700001601979700001301995856013802008       2001                        eng d00aDifferential expression of two cytochrome P450s involved in the biosynthesis of flavones and anthocyanins in chemo-varietal forms of Perilla frutescens0 aDifferential expression of two cytochrome P450s involved in the   cDec  a1338–440 v423 aIn Perilla frutescens, there are two varietal forms of anthocyanin accumulation, i.e. red and green forms. The cDNA clones encoding flavone synthase II (FSII) and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), two cytochrome P450s that are involved in the biosynthesis of flavones and anthocyanins, were isolated from P. frutescens. The FSII cDNA encoded a 57.1 kDa protein designated as CYP93B6, and the F3'H cDNA encoded 57.5 kDa protein designated as CYP75B4. Recombinant CYP93B6 expressed in yeast converted flavanones to flavones with K(m) values of 8.8-11.9 microM. Recombinant CYP75B4 catalyzed 3'-hydroxylation of flavanones to the corresponding compounds with K(m) values of 18-20 microM. The CYP93B6 transcript accumulated to an equal level in leaves of both red and green forms of P. frutescens, in agreement with the accumulation pattern of flavones in the leaves. However, the CYP75B4 transcript was predominantly expressed in the red form of P. frutescens, and its expression was induced by light in conjunction with other transcripts of biosynthetic enzymes of anthocyanin. These results indicate that gene expression of a set of anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes including F3'H is regulated coordinately only in the red form of P. frutescens but not in the green form, whilst FSII gene expression is controlled in a similar manner in red and green forms of P. frutescens.10aAnthocyanins10aApigenin10aCytochrome P-450 Enzyme System10aFlavonoids10aGene Expression Regulation: Enzymologic10aGene Expression Regulation: Plant10aKinetics10aLamiaceae10aLuteolin10aMixed Function Oxygenases10aPhylogeny10aPlant Structures1 aKitada, C1 aGong, Z1 aTanaka, Y1 aYamazaki, M1 aSaito, K  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/differential-expression-two-cytochrome-p450s-involved-biosynthesis-flavones-and-anthocyanins01781nas a2200181   4500008004100000245004300041210004300084300000800127490000700135520128400142100001701426700002001443700001401463700001401477700001601491700001501507856007701522       2001                        eng d00aDisintegration of the Scrophulariaceae0 aDisintegration of the Scrophulariaceae  a3480 v883 aA molecular systematic study of Scrophulariaceae sensu lato using DNA sequences of three plastid genes (rbcL, ndhF, and rps2) revealed at least five distinct monophyletic groups. Thirty-nine genera representing 24 tribes of the Scrophulariaceae s.l. (sensu lato) were analyzed along with representatives of 15 other families of Lamiales. The Scrophulariaceae s.s. (sensu stricto) include part or all of tribes Aptosimeae, Hemimerideae, Leucophylleae, Manuleae, Selagineae, and Verbasceae (= Scrophularieae) and the conventional families Buddlejaceae and Myoporaceae. Veronicaceae includes all or part of tribes Angelonieae, Antirrhineae, Cheloneae, Digitaleae, and Gratioleae and the conventional families Callitrichaceae, Globulariaceae, Hippuridaceae, and Plantaginaceae. The Orobanchaceae include tribes Buchnereae, Rhinantheae, and the conventional Orobanchaceae. All sampled members of Orobanchaceae are parasitic, except Lindenbergia, which is sister to the rest of the family. Family Calceolariaceae Olmstead is newly erected herein to recognize the phylogenetic distinctiveness of tribe Calceolarieae. The Calceolariaceae are close to the base of the Lamiales. The Stilbaceae are expanded by the inclusion of Halleria. Mimulus does not belong in any of these five groups.1 aOLMSTEAD, RG1 adePamphilis, CW1 aWolfe, AD1 aYoung, ND1 aElisons, WJ1 aReeves, PA  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/disintegration-scrophulariaceae