@article {Gobert:2006p8000,
	title = {Heterogeneity of three molecular data partition phylogenies of mints related to M. x piperita (Mentha; Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Plant Biol (Stuttg)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {470{\textendash}85},
	abstract = {Phylogenetic reconstructions with molecular tools are now widely used, thanks to advances in PCR and sequencing technologies. The choice of the molecular target still remains a problem because too few comparative data are available. This is particularly true for hybrid taxa, where differential introgression of genome parts leads to incongruity between data sets. We have studied the potential of three data partitions to reconstruct the phylogeny of mints related to M. x piperita. These included nuclear DNA (ITS), chloroplast DNA (non-coding regions trnL intron, intergenic spacers trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), and AFLP and ISSR, markers. The taxonomic sampling was composed of hybrids, diploid and polyploid genomes. Since the genealogy of cultivated mint hybrids is known, they represent a model group to compare the usefulness of various molecular markers for phylogeny inference. Incongruities between ITS, chloroplast DNA, and AFLP-ISSR phylogenetic trees were recorded, although DNA fingerprinting data were congruent with morphological classification. Evidence of chloroplast capture events was obtained for M. x piperita. Direct sequencing of ITS led to biased results because of the existence of pseudogenes. Sequencing of cloned ITS further failed to provide evidence of the existence of the two parental copy types for M. x piperita, a sterile hybrid that has had no opportunity for concerted evolution of ITS copies. AFLP-ISSR data clustered M. x piperita with the parent that had the largest genome. This study sheds light on differential of introgression of different genome regions in mint hybrids.},
	keywords = {DNA: Plant, Haplotypes, Mentha, Mentha piperita, Phylogeny, Polymorphism: Genetic, Pseudogenes},
	author = {V Gobert and S Moja and P Taberlet and M Wink}
}
@article {Willits:2004p8030,
	title = {Bio-fermentation of modified flavonoids: an example of in vivo diversification of secondary metabolites},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {65},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {31{\textendash}41},
	abstract = {A bio-fermentation technique was used for the in vivo diversification of flavonoid structures based on expression in Escherichia coli of six O-methyltransferases (OMTs) from Mentha x piperita and one O-glucosyltransferase (GT) each from Arabidopsis thaliana and Allium cepa. Enzymes were shown to be regio-specific in in vitro experiments and modified a broad range of flavonoid substrates at various positions. Using the flavonol quercetin as a model substrate, we show that the product spectrum produced with the in vivo approach is identical to that found in vitro. Additionally, using mixed cultures of E. coli expressing different classes of modifying genes (OMTs and GTs), the production of polymethylated flavonoid glucosides was observed. This report demonstrates the potential to increase the structural diversity of plant secondary metabolites using a multi-enzyme, bio-fermentation approach.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Arabidopsis, Cloning: Molecular, Consensus Sequence, Escherichia coli, Fermentation, Flavonoids, Glucosyltransferases, Mentha piperita, Methyltransferases, Molecular Sequence Data, Onions, Phylogeny, Recombinant Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology: Amino Acid, Stereoisomerism, Substrate Specificity},
	author = {Michael G Willits and Ma{\"{\i}t{\'e} Giovanni and Rogerio T N Prata and Catherine M Kramer and Vincenzo De Luca and John C Steffens and Gerson Graser}
}
@article {Ringer:2005p8013,
	title = {Monoterpene metabolism. Cloning, expression, and characterization of (-)-isopiperitenol/(-)-carveol dehydrogenase of peppermint and spearmint},
	journal = {Plant Physiol},
	volume = {137},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {863{\textendash}72},
	abstract = {The essential oils of peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) are distinguished by the oxygenation position on the p-menthane ring of the constitutive monoterpenes that is conferred by two regiospecific cytochrome P450 limonene-3- and limonene-6-hydroxylases. Following hydroxylation of limonene, an apparently similar dehydrogenase oxidizes (-)-trans-isopiperitenol to (-)-isopiperitenone in peppermint and (-)-trans-carveol to (-)-carvone in spearmint. Random sequencing of a peppermint oil gland secretory cell cDNA library revealed a large number of clones that specified redox-type enzymes, including dehydrogenases. Full-length dehydrogenase clones were screened by functional expression in Escherichia coli using a recently developed in situ assay. A single full-length acquisition encoding (-)-trans-isopiperitenol dehydrogenase (ISPD) was isolated. The (-)-ISPD cDNA has an open reading frame of 795 bp that encodes a 265-residue enzyme with a calculated molecular mass of 27,191. Nondegenerate primers were designed based on the (-)-trans-ISPD cDNA sequence and employed to screen a spearmint oil gland secretory cell cDNA library from which a 5{\textquoteright}-truncated cDNA encoding the spearmint homolog, (-)-trans-carveol-dehydrogenase, was isolated. Reverse transcription-PCR amplification and RACE were used to acquire the remaining 5{\textquoteright}-sequence from RNA isolated from oil gland secretory cells of spearmint leaf. The full-length spearmint dehydrogenase shares >99\% amino acid identity with its peppermint homolog and both dehydrogenases are capable of utilizing (-)-trans-isopiperitenol and (-)-trans-carveol. These isopiperitenol/carveol dehydrogenases are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and are related to other plant short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases involved in secondary metabolism (lignan biosynthesis), stress responses, and phytosteroid biosynthesis, but they are quite dissimilar (approximately 13\% identity) to the monoterpene reductases of mint involved in (-)-menthol biosynthesis. The isolation of the genes specifying redox enzymes of monoterpene biosynthesis in mint indicates that these genes arose from different ancestors and not by simple duplication and differentiation of a common progenitor, as might have been anticipated based on the common reaction chemistry and structural similarity of the substrate monoterpenes.},
	keywords = {Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning: Molecular, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Structure, Monoterpenes, Multigene Family, Oils: Volatile, Phylogeny},
	doi = {10.1104/pp.104.053298},
	author = {Kerry L Ringer and Edward M Davis and Rodney Croteau}
}
