@booklet {Pedersen:2000p1133,
	title = {Distribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the family Lamiaceae determined by ESR spectroscopy},
	howpublished = {Biochem Syst Ecol},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {229{\textendash}253},
	abstract = {The dihydric phenolics from the leaves of 365 specimens representing 355 species and varieties of 110 genera of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) have been examined as semiquinones by ESR spectroscopy. Of these 89 genera comprising 194 species belong to the Lamiaceae, whereas 21 genera comprising 161 species have been transferred from the Verbenaceae in the most recent classification. Two chemical characters give strong support to the subfamily division of the Lamiaceae as recognised by Erdtman (1945). (Svensk Bet. Tidskr. 29, 279-285) and others. Rosmarinic acid was observed in 110 species out of 127 studied and confined to the subfamily Nepetoideae sensu Erdtman. These species produce tricolpate pollen grains. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides were observed in 111 species all confined to Lamioideae sensu Erdtman with hexacolpate pollen grains. The acid and the phenylethanoid glycosides were found to be mutually exclusive, apart from one species, Teucrium scorodonia. A compound tentatively assigned as a beta-hydroxy-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanoid glycoside, was observed in 49 species, solely confined to subfamily Lamioideae. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid was observed in Aegiphila mollis and in Hymenopyramis brachiata, both belonging to Lamioideae. No phenylethanoid glycosides were observed from any of 5 Hymenopyramis or from any of 30 species of Vitex. The latter result questions the transfer of the genus to Lamiaceae, but strengthens its isolated position. Chlorogenic acid was observed in 34 species and protochatechuic acid in 16 species. Hydroquinone is scattered in the family (4 species) and thymohydroquinone was observed in 7 species all belong to the Nepetoideae. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Chemotaxonomy, Constituents, Dihydroxy-Phenylethanoid Glycosides, Esr, Lamiaceae, Phenolics, Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Plants, Pollen Morphology, Rosmarinic And Chlorogenic Acid, Verbenaceae},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000085500300004\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {JA Pedersen}
}
@booklet {Pence:2007p1143,
	title = {Propagation and cryopreservation of Todsen{\textquoteright}s permyroyal (Hedeoma todsenii) in vitro},
	howpublished = {In Vitro Cell Dev-An},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {S31{\textendash}S32},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000247873400083\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {V. C Pence and S. M Charls and B. L Plair and K Lindsey and G. D Winget}
}
@booklet {Tholl:2006p2267,
	title = {Terpene synthases and the regulation, diversity and biological roles of terpene metabolism},
	howpublished = {Curr Opin Plant Biol},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {297{\textendash}304},
	abstract = {Terpene synthases are the primary enzymes in the formation of low-molecular-weight terpene metabolites. Rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular analysis of terpene synthases has allowed significant investigations of their evolution, structural and mechanistic properties, and regulation. The organization of terpene synthases in large gene families, their characteristic ability to form multiple products, and their spatial and temporal regulation during development and in response to biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the time-variable formation of a diverse group of terpene metabolites. The structural diversity and complexity of terpenes generates an enormous potential for mediating plant-environment interactions. Engineering the activities of terpene synthases provides opportunities for detailed functional evaluations of terpene metabolites in planta.},
	keywords = {Abies-Grandis, Arabidopsis Flowers, Copalyl Diphosphate Synthases, Directed Mutagenesis, Fruit Flavor, Functional-Characterization, Gene-Expression, Methyl Jasmonate, Molecular-Cloning, Peltate Glands},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.014},
	author = {D Tholl}
}
@booklet {Benzo:2007p1160,
	title = {Determination of the threshold odor concentration of main odorants in essential oils using gas chromatography-olfactometry incremental dilution technique},
	howpublished = {J Chromatogr A},
	volume = {1150},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {131{\textendash}135},
	abstract = {An essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), collected in Ecuador, was analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-MS techniques. To our knowledge, the composition of this essential oil is described here for the first time, both from the chemical and olfactometric viewpoints. A preliminary analysis by GC-MS and using Kovats{\textquoteright} retention indexes, lead to characterize and quantify the oil constituents, while GC-O was then applied for the identification of the main odorants. By the incremental dilution method (AEDA, CHARM Analysis), applied to the GC-O technique, the flavor dilution (1713) chromatogram was obtained. In order to calculate the TOC values of the main odorants, the relationship between the odorant concentration at the sniffing port and that one in the injected solution was established. This relationship was calculated by comparing the injected amount with the TOC value of a reference compound (limonene), obtained by dynamic dilution olfactometry. A good agreement was found between calculated and measured TOC values of few odorants. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Aeda, Clinopodium Tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Dynamic Olfactometry, Essential Oil, Foods, Gc-Ms, Gc-O, Toc},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.031},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6TG8-4N2D2V0-2\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=dd94e8d6d1c7cff0d0162ac3dd3191eb},
	author = {Maurizio Benzo and Gianluca Gilardoni and Carlo Gandini and Gabriele Caccialanza and Paola Vita Finzi and Giovanni Vidari and Susana Abdo and Patricia Layedra}
}
@booklet {AbdelMogib:2002p1132,
	title = {Chemistry of the genus Plectranthus},
	howpublished = {Molecules},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {This review presents the phytochemical constituents of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 1999. Only a tetrameric derivative of caffeic acid was isolated from P. japonicus, but a group of long-chain alkylphenols, of possible taxonomic significance in the genus, was also isolated. As a genus of the subfamily Nepetoideae, Plectranthus is free from iridoid glycosides and rich in essential oil (i.e. > 0.5\% volatile oil on a dry weight basis). Diterpenoids are the more common secondary metabolites in Plectranthus. The majority of them are highly modified abietanoids. This seems to be similar to the pattern of diterpenoids observed for Salvia, but no clerodane diterpenoids were found in Plectranthus.},
	keywords = {Abietane Diterpenoids, Antimicrobial Abietane, Chemical-Composition, Coleus, Diterpenoids, Essential Oil, Hereroensis, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Leaf-Gland Pigments, Phytochemical Constituents, Plants, Plectranthus, Southern Africa},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000174211500017\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {M Abdel-Mogib and HA Albar and SM Batterjee}
}
@booklet {Park:2008p1122,
	title = {Biotechnological applications for rosmarinic acid production in plant},
	howpublished = {Afr J Biotechnol},
	volume = {7},
	number = {25},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {4959{\textendash}4965},
	abstract = {Rosmarinic acid, an important phenolic compound, is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. However, it is also found in species of other higher plant families and in some fern and hornwort species. Rosmarinic acid has a number of interesting biological activities, e. g. antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The presence of rosmarinic acid in medicinal plants, herbs and spices has beneficial and health promoting effects. In plants, rosmarinic acid is supposed to act as a preformed constitutively accumulated defence compound. The biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid starts with the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Plant cell cultures, e. g. from Coleus blumei or Salvia officinalis, accumulate rosmarinic acid in amounts much higher than in the plant itself (up to 36\% of the cell dry weight). Similarly some other biotechnological researches for production of rosmarinic acid were done in the past i.e. from shoot culture, producing hairy root, using bioreactor, and the treatment of elicitors. As a review paper the aim of this study is to gather all the possible biotechnological ways to produce rosmarinic acid, thus will help the scientists to take action for future study in this discipline.},
	keywords = {Agastache-Rugosa Kuntze, Anchusa-Officinalis, Biotechnology, Cell-Suspension Cultures, Coleus-Blumei Cells, Hairy Root Cultures, Hyssopus-Officinalis, In Vitro Culture, Ocimum-Basilicum, Oregano Origanum-Vulgare, Phenolic-Compounds, Plant, Rosmarinic Acid, Salvia-Officinalis},
	author = {Sang Un Park and Md Romij Uddin and Hui Xu and Yong Kyoung Kim and Sook Young Lee}
}
@booklet {Walker:2007p1114,
	title = {Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever},
	howpublished = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {100},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {375{\textendash}391},
	abstract = {Background and Aims The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented.Methods Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera.Key Results These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus.Conclusions Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.},
	keywords = {Diversification, Dorystaechas, Floral Evolution, Floral Nectar Spurs, Incongruence, Key Innovation, Labiatae, Lepechinia, Melissa, Mentheae, Meriandra, Perovskia, Radiation, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Sequences, Staminal Morphology, Zhumeria},
	doi = {10.1093/aob/mcl176},
	url = {http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/2/375},
	author = {Jay B Walker and Kenneth J Sytsma}
}
@booklet {Muller:1996p1140,
	title = {Host-plant specialization in western palearctic Anthidiine bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)},
	howpublished = {Ecol Monogr},
	volume = {66},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {235{\textendash}{\&}},
	abstract = {To determine the extent of host-plant specialization, the pollen sources of the 72 anthidiine species (family Megachilidae, subfamily Megachilinae, tribe Anthidiini) of Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor were investigated by microscopic analysis of approximate to 1800 pollen loads of females. By this measure, 31 species (43\%) were oligolectic (relatively specialized to pollen source) at the level of plant tribe, plant subfamily, or plant family. Exclusive pollen sources of these bees throughout their geographic ranges are flowers of the Cardueae (Compositae), the Asteroideae (Compositae), the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae), the Lamioideae (Labiatae), the Nepetoideae (Labiatae), the Dipsacaceae, or the Campanulaceae. Thirteen species (18\%) were found to exhibit a strong, but not exclusive, preference for the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae), the Labiatae, the Cardueae (Compositae), and Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae), respectively, while 25 species (35\%) proved to be more markedly polylectic, visiting the flowers of up to 17 different plant families for pollen. The plants exploited by three species (4\%) are insufficiently known. By far the most important pollen sources of the anthidiine bees as a whole are the Compositae (41.7\%) followed by the Leguminosae (23.1\%) and the Labiatae (13.0\%).The phylogenetic relationships of the anthidiine bees were estimated by a cladistic analysis based on 115 characters to trace possible evolutionary patterns of diet composition. Based on the estimated phylogeny, at least eight shifts of oligoleges between different plant taxa and six transitions between oligolecty and polylecty appear to have occurred. Four transitions were from oligolecty to polylecty whereas two transitions are of unknown direction, both directions being equally parsimonious. Assuming that the ancestral state in the anthidiine bees was oligolectic, the present distribution of oligolectic and polylectic species can be explained solely by switches from the oligolectic to the polylectic habit and by shifts of oligoleges between different plant taxa. Three of four transitions from oligolecty to polylecty are accompanied by a reduction in bee body size. The significance of this size reduction with respect to the polylectic habit is discussed.The oligolectic anthidiine species visit significantly fewer flower species for pollen during a single foraging bout than the polylectic species. On average, 1.4 plant species were recorded in the loads of specialists compared to 2.2 for generalists.Two monophyletic groups of bees belonging to the genus Anthidium are equipped with a pollen-collecting apparatus consisting of specialized hairs localized either on the face or on the underside of the thorax. It is used to remove pollen from the raised anthers of flowers of the Labiatae and the Scrophulariaceae and to brush pollen from the flat inflorescences of some Compositae, respectively.The observation of flower-visiting females of several anthidiine species revealed that pollen uptake is far from an accidental process. Basic pollen-harvesting techniques have reached a high degree of efficiency: females of a given bee species worked flowers of a certain plant species in a fixed manner, the structures used for pollen uptake from the same flower type were found to be largely the same among anthidiine bees of different taxonomic groups, and no distinct differences with respect to the basic pattern of pollen removal from flowers of the same architecture were obvious when comparing oligolectic and polylectic species. On the other hand, polyleges showed a high intraspecific flexibility regarding the organs used for pollen uptake from flowers of a different architecture.},
	keywords = {Anthidiine Phylogeny, Apoidea, Behavior, Biology, Evolution, Host-Plant Specializations, Megachilidae, Oligolecty, Pollen-Foraging Strategies, Pollen-Harvesting Behavior, Pollination, Polylecty, Solitary Bees, Western Palearctic Anthidiini},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=A1996UH25800005\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {A Muller}
}
