@article {Tepe:2007p1165,
	title = {Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium vulgare L},
	journal = {Food Chem},
	volume = {103},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {766{\textendash}770},
	abstract = {This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium vulgare. GC-MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 40 compounds, representing 99.4\% of the oil; thymol (38.9\%), gamma-ter-pinene (29.6\%) and p-cymene (9.1 \%) were the main components. The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assays. In the first case, IC50 value of the C. vulgare essential oil was determined as 63.0 +/- 2.71 mu g/ml. IC50 value of thymol and gamma-terpinene, the major compounds of the oil, was determined as 161 +/- 1.3 mu g/ml and 122 +/- 2.5 mu g/ml, respectively, whereas p-cymene did not show antioxidant activity. In beta-carotene-linoleic acid system, C. vulgare essential oil exhibited 52.3 +/- 1.19\% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. In both systems, antioxidant capacities of BHT, curcurnine and ascorbic acid were also determined in parallel experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Antioxidant Activity, Carvacrol, Clinopodium Vulgare, Essential Oil, Extracts, Model, Systems, Thymol},
	doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6T6R-4M63RWS-7\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=1de01e21e7071a8fbddf0aa0165cf0fe},
	author = {Bektas Tepe and Arzuhan Sihoglu-Tepe and Dimitra Daferera and Moschos Polissiou and Atalay Sokmen}
}
@booklet {Benzo:2007p1160,
	title = {Determination of the threshold odor concentration of main odorants in essential oils using gas chromatography-olfactometry incremental dilution technique},
	howpublished = {J Chromatogr A},
	volume = {1150},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {131{\textendash}135},
	abstract = {An essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), collected in Ecuador, was analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-MS techniques. To our knowledge, the composition of this essential oil is described here for the first time, both from the chemical and olfactometric viewpoints. A preliminary analysis by GC-MS and using Kovats{\textquoteright} retention indexes, lead to characterize and quantify the oil constituents, while GC-O was then applied for the identification of the main odorants. By the incremental dilution method (AEDA, CHARM Analysis), applied to the GC-O technique, the flavor dilution (1713) chromatogram was obtained. In order to calculate the TOC values of the main odorants, the relationship between the odorant concentration at the sniffing port and that one in the injected solution was established. This relationship was calculated by comparing the injected amount with the TOC value of a reference compound (limonene), obtained by dynamic dilution olfactometry. A good agreement was found between calculated and measured TOC values of few odorants. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Aeda, Clinopodium Tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Dynamic Olfactometry, Essential Oil, Foods, Gc-Ms, Gc-O, Toc},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.031},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6TG8-4N2D2V0-2\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=dd94e8d6d1c7cff0d0162ac3dd3191eb},
	author = {Maurizio Benzo and Gianluca Gilardoni and Carlo Gandini and Gabriele Caccialanza and Paola Vita Finzi and Giovanni Vidari and Susana Abdo and Patricia Layedra}
}
@article {Quinn:2007p1094,
	title = {Identification of compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia)},
	journal = {J Chromatogr A},
	volume = {1160},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {306{\textendash}310},
	abstract = {Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that result in diseases harmful to human, livestock, and wildlife hosts. Numerous measures can be used to reduce insect-borne disease risk to humans, and one approach is the use of topical repellents to prevent host-seeking arthropods from taking a blood meal. A current emphasis in the development of new repellents is that they be safe. Therefore, natural products sources are increasingly being explored. Compounds from plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) have been demonstrated to be insect repellents. This study examines compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia) to identify compounds for examination as insect repellents. Samples of Etonia rosemary were passively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol and analyzed by GC/MS. This extraction method was chosen to eliminate thermal degradation of plant components that can occur during the distillation procedure. Additional headspace volatile compounds from this plant were identified using microscale purge-and-trap GC/MS. A variety of terpenes, terpenic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were identified in the extracts with terpenes and short-chained aldehydes detected in greatest abundance. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Catnip, Chemical-Composition, Chemistry, Components, Essential Oil, Extracts, Gc/Ms, Headspace Analysis, Lamiaceae, Mosquito Repellents, Repellency, Terpenoids, Toxicity},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.060},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6TG8-4NTJH1V-3\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=65721d99be4f7e00cfc7bec05e132d28},
	author = {Brian P Quinn and Ulrich R Bernier and Matthew M Booth}
}
@booklet {AbdelMogib:2002p1132,
	title = {Chemistry of the genus Plectranthus},
	howpublished = {Molecules},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {This review presents the phytochemical constituents of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 1999. Only a tetrameric derivative of caffeic acid was isolated from P. japonicus, but a group of long-chain alkylphenols, of possible taxonomic significance in the genus, was also isolated. As a genus of the subfamily Nepetoideae, Plectranthus is free from iridoid glycosides and rich in essential oil (i.e. > 0.5\% volatile oil on a dry weight basis). Diterpenoids are the more common secondary metabolites in Plectranthus. The majority of them are highly modified abietanoids. This seems to be similar to the pattern of diterpenoids observed for Salvia, but no clerodane diterpenoids were found in Plectranthus.},
	keywords = {Abietane Diterpenoids, Antimicrobial Abietane, Chemical-Composition, Coleus, Diterpenoids, Essential Oil, Hereroensis, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Leaf-Gland Pigments, Phytochemical Constituents, Plants, Plectranthus, Southern Africa},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000174211500017\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {M Abdel-Mogib and HA Albar and SM Batterjee}
}
@article {Castilho:2007p1166,
	title = {Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium ascendens (Jordan) Sampaio from Madeira},
	journal = {Flavour Frag J},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {139{\textendash}144},
	abstract = {Clinopodium ascendens (Jordan) Sampaio [synonyms = Calamintha ascendens Jordan = C. officinalis Moench ssp. ascendens (Jord.) Mateo = C. sylvatica Bromf. ssp. ascendens (Jord.) P.W. Ball] is a small herbaceous plant with a very strong and distinctive mint aroma. The plant is known for its medical uses in folk medicine and as a spice in Italian kitchens. In Madeira Island, Clinopodium ascendens, known locally as {\textquoteright}neveda{\textquoteright}, grows wild along the shady paths of the Laurissilva forest. The local population uses the leaves of calamint as a mouth freshener and to alleviate headache and toothache. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of C. ascendens growing wild in Madeira was analysed by a combination of CC, GC, GC-MS, H-1- and C-13-NMR. The oil was dominated by C-3 oxygenated p-menthane derivatives: cis-isopulegone (75.2\%), pulegone (6.9\%), neoiso-isopulegol (6.0\%) and trans-isopulegone (4.5\%). The whole essential oil was tested against a variety of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and two fungi; it exhibited remarkable activity against Escherichia coli and was active against Agrobacterium tumefasciens and Staphylococcus aureus and the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. It was ineffective against Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Antimicrobial Activity, C-13-Nmr, Calamintha, Cis-Isopulegone, Clinopodium Ascendens (Jordan) Sampaio, Essential Oil, Glandular Trichomes, Monoterpene Biosynthesis, Neoiso-Isopulegol, Peppermint},
	doi = {10.1002/ffj.1771},
	url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/113510130/abstract?CRETRY=1\&SRETRY=0},
	author = {Paula Castilho and Kai Liu and Ana Isabel Rodrigues and Sonia Feio and Felix Tomi and Joseph Casanova}
}
@article {Moon:2009p250,
	title = {Phylogenetic significance of leaf micromorphology and anatomy in the tribe Mentheae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Bot J Linn Soc},
	volume = {160},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211{\textendash}231},
	abstract = {A comparative micromorphological study of leaves was carried out on 102 species of Mentheae; 61 species were selected for the anatomical study. Mentheae possessed both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. The diversity of leaf epidermal characteristics was based on the variation in morphology of epidermal cells, stomata types and trichome types. Although each characteristic on its own has rather limited systematic value, the combination of some of these features may be systematically relevant, especially for the identification of species. For example, branched multicellular nonglandular trichomes were a diagnostic characteristic for all genera investigated of the subtribe Salviinae; however, this trichome type was also observed in Hedeoma ciliolata and Neoeplingia leucophylloides of the subtribe Menthinae. Capitate glandular trichomes with pear-shaped heads were only observed in Salvia dorrii. Subsessile glandular trichomes with multicellular heads (more than ten cells) were an apomorphy for Perovskia. The anatomical leaf structure was consistent throughout the tribe. In some species, the vascular bundles in the midrib were modified into a mechanical tissue, which is an adaptation to xerophytic environments. The observed variations are discussed in an ecological context and their phylogenetic significance is evaluated. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160, 211-231.},
	keywords = {Epidermal Characters, Epidermis, Essential Oil, Evolution, Genus, Glandular Hairs, Labiatae, Leaves, Monarda-Fistulosa, Morphology, Phylogenetics, Stomata, Systematics, Trichome, Trichomes, Vascular Bundle},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00979.x},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Suk-Pyo Hong and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@article {Koroch:1997p1152,
	title = {Micropropagation and acclimatization of Hedeoma multiflorum},
	journal = {Plant Cell Tiss Org},
	volume = {48},
	number = {3},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {213{\textendash}217},
	abstract = {A method for the micropropagation of Hedeoma multiflorum Benth from shoot tips or nodal segments was developed. Proliferating microshoot cultures were obtained by placing shoot tips or nodal segments on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 22.2 mu M BA or 22.2 mu M BA plus 0.05 mu M NAA. Individual shoots were excised and transferred into rooting medium containing auxins (IBA, NAA or IAA). Rooting of shoots was better on half-strength MS medium containing 0.6 mu M IAA than on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized to soil. Preconditioning at different sucrose concentrations prior to acclimatization had no effect on plant establishment, but influenced plant quality.},
	keywords = {Aromatic Plant, Essential Oil, Multiple Shoots},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=A1997XR95700010\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {AR Koroch and HR Juliani and VS Trippi}
}
@article {Dirmenci:2010p3218,
	title = {Morphological, karyological and phylogenetic evaluation of Cyclotrichium: a piece in the tribe Mentheae puzzle},
	journal = {Turk J Bot},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {159{\textendash}170},
	abstract = {The genus Cyclotrichium, a member of the tribe Mentheae subtribe Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae), was analysed with respect to morphological revision, phylogenetic analysis, and cytogenetic properties. All species of the genus were investigated for morphological characters and ITS (internal transcribed spacers) of nrDNA sequence comparison (except C. hausknechtii for ITS). Six members of the genus were also analysed for chromosome numbers. The combined results strongly suggested that Cyclotrichium is a separate genus in Nepetoideae with distinct morphological, phylogenetic, and cytogenetic characteristics. For intrageneric phylogeny of Cyclotrichium, 3 groups were recognised: 1. C. niveum; 2. C. origanifolium; and 3. the remaining 6 species. Clinopodium s.l. and Mentha appear to be most closely related to Cyclotrichium. The phylogenetic relationship of Cyclotrichium with Clinopodium s.l., Mentha, Micromeria, Melissa, and Satureja is discussed. This is the first report on the somatic chromosome numbers of 6 Cyclotrichium species and phylogenetic analysis of Cyclotrichium based on (nrDNA) ITS sequences.},
	keywords = {Chromosome-Numbers, Clinopodium, Cyclotrichium, Essential Oil, Flora, Its, Lamiaceae, Nuclear Ribosomal Dna, Phylogeny, Region, Satureja, Sequences},
	doi = {10.3906/bot-0912-3},
	author = {Tuncay Dirmenci and Ekrem Dundar and Goerkem Deniz and Turan Arabaci and Esra Martin and Ziba Jamzad}
}
