@article {Esquivel:2008p1108,
	title = {Rearranged clerodane and abietane derived diterpenoids from American Salvia specks},
	journal = {Nat Prod Commun},
	volume = {3},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {989{\textendash}1002},
	abstract = {The genus Salvia L. (Tribe Mentheae) is the largest of the Lamiaceae with 1000 species widespread throughout the world. Phytochemical studies of several Salvia species have established an interesting chemical profile for the genus including sterols, flavonoids and triterpenoids. However, the most characteristic secondary metabolites of the genus are diterpenoids. One of the most distinguishing features of Salvia genus is the number of rearranged diterpene skeletons isolated from these plants. Until now, over 30 rearranged diterpene skeletons have been described for both Old and New World representatives of the genus. In this review, a survey of recent literature data regarding rearranged clerodane and abietane diterpenoids from American Salvia species is presented.},
	keywords = {10-Seco-Neoclerodane, 5, Ballotaeflora, Cytotoxic Activity, Diterpenes, Icetexane Diterpenoids, Labiatae, Lamiaccae, Languidulane, Lavanduloides, Neoclerodane, Rearranged Skeletons, Roots, Salvia, Sesquiterpene},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000257049100029\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {Baldomero Esquivel}
}
@article {Grayer:2003p1126,
	title = {The chemotaxonomic significance of two bioactive caffeic acid esters, nepetoidins A and B, in the Lamiaceae},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {64},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {519{\textendash}528},
	abstract = {A survey of leaf surface constituents in the family Lamiaceae using HPLC with diode array detection revealed the presence of two characteristic phenolic compounds in many species. The distribution of these phenolics in the Lamiaceae was found to be of taxonomic significance, as they were present in the great majority of species investigated for the subfamily Nepetoideae, including representatives of the well-known genera of culinary herbs, mint, rosemary, sage, thyme and basil. In contrast, they were absent from species of the other subfamilies of Lamiaceae studied and from the related families Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae and Buddlejaceae. The compounds were isolated from Plectranthus crassus and identified by NMR spectroscopy as the known caffeic acid esters (Z,E)-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate and (Z, E)-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyplienyl)-2-propenoate, for which the trivial names nepetoidins A and B are proposed. The presence of this pair of caffeic acid esters adds another character to the chemical, palynological and embryological features distinguishing the Nepetoideae from the other subfamilies of Larmaceae and related families, and supports the view that the Nepetoideae are a specialised and monophyletic group within the family. Nepetoidin B was shown to have a greater antioxidant activity than gallic, rosmarinic and caffeic acids, and showed activity as an insect phagostimulant. Both compounds were antifungal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {(Z, 3-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-Propenoate, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Ethenyl] 3-(3, 5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-Ethenyl], Antifungal, Caffeic Acid Esters, Chemosystematics, E)-[2-(3, Flavones, Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Genera, Insect Phagostimulant, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Ocimum, Plant},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00192-4},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6TH7-48KV9RR-H\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=dc13ca6ce980e66e29866bd090cf4f4b},
	author = {RJ Grayer and MR Eckert and NC Veitch and GC Kite and PD Marin and T Kokubun and MSJ Simmonds and AJ Paton}
}
@article {MortezaSemnani:2009p1163,
	title = {The Essential Oil Composition of Clinopodium vulgare L. from Iran},
	journal = {J Essent Oil Res},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {31{\textendash}32},
	abstract = {The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-two components have been identified in the. essential oil of G. vulgare. The major constituents of the essential oil were vulgarone B (24.4\%), santolinyl acetate (10.2\%) and 14-hydroxy-alpha-muurolene (6.0\%).},
	keywords = {Clinopodium Vulgare, Essential Oil Composition, Extracts, Labiatae, Santolinyl Acetate, Vulgarone B},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000264139900010\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {Katayoun Morteza-Semnani and Majid Saeedi and Mohammad Akbarzadeh}
}
@article {Janicsak:1999p1136,
	title = {Comparative studies of the rosmarinic and caffeic acid contents of Lamiaceae species},
	journal = {Biochem Syst Ecol},
	volume = {27},
	number = {7},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {733{\textendash}738},
	abstract = {The rosmarinic and caffeic acid contents of 96 Lamiaceae taxa (20 genera, 76 species, 8 subspecies, 9 varieties, 3 hybrids) were investigated using a TLC-densitometric method. Rosmarinic acid was present in all species of the subfamily Nepetoideae, but was absent from those in the subfamily Lamioideae. However, with the exception of 3 Lamioideae species, caffeic acid was found in measurable quantities in all taxa studied. The rosmarinic acid content ranged from 0.01 to 9.30 mg/g, while that of caffeic acid varied from 0 to 0.62 mg/g. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Caffeic Acid, Chemotaxonomy, Densitometry, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Rosmarinic Acid, Subfamily Lamioideae, Subfamily Nepetoideae},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000080620000006\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {G Janicsak and I Mathe and V Miklossy-Vari and G Blunden}
}
@article {Moon:2008p1103,
	title = {Comparative pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Mentheae subtribe Nepetinae (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Rev Palaeobot Palyno},
	volume = {149},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {174{\textendash}186},
	abstract = {{This study provides new pollen data of 52 representative species belonging to all 12 genera in the currently classification of the subtribe Nepetinae, and considers the possible presence of orbicules for the first time. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure were investigated with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Nepetinae pollen is small to large (P= 16-65 mu m},
	keywords = {Angiosperms, Grains, Labiatae, Nepetinae, Nepetoideae, Orbicules, Palynology, Salvia Lamiaceae, Sequence Data, Sexine Ornamentation, Systematic Implications, Tapetum, Ultrastructure},
	doi = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.12.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6V6W-4RC2NRJ-2\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=176fca009343bce3d0330d25969d0f75},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Stefan Vinckier and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@article {Prather:2002p1092,
	title = {Monophyly and phylogeny of Monarda (Lamiaceae): Evidence from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {127{\textendash}137},
	abstract = {The phylogenetic relationships of the 16 species of Monarda (Lamiaceae) were investigated using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Thymus and Mentha were used as outgroups, and Blephilia, Clinopodium, Conradina, Hesperozygis, Monardella, Pycnanthemum, and Ziziphora were included in the ingroup to test the monophyly of Monarda. Two parsimony searches were performed after removing redundant sequences from the analysis: one with indels scored as missing and a second with indels treated as binary characters, Both searches yielded congruent results, but the treatment of indels as binary characters resulted in considerably more resolution within Monarda. There was strong support for the monophyly of Monarda and a close relationship was found between Monarda, Blephilia, and Pycnanthemum. The molecular phylogeny was completely congruent with the infrageneric classification of the genus. Our results were consistent with hypotheses of hybridization between M. fistulosa and M. lindheimeri in Texas. Despite considerable morphological variation among many species, especially in floral characters, little molecular diversification was found in those same species groups. Intraspecific polymorphism in ITS sequence was found in over half the species examined, and may be attributable to ancestral polymorphism, hybridization, or detection of paralogous loci.},
	keywords = {Classification, Evolution, Gene Trees, Islands, Labiatae, Molecular Systematics, Most-Parsimonious Trees, Patterns, Sequence Data, Species Trees},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000174306000012\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {LA Prather and AK Monfils and AL Posto and RA Williams}
}
@article {Moon:2006p1113,
	title = {Nutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae : Mentheae)},
	journal = {Journal of Plant Research},
	volume = {119},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {633{\textendash}644},
	abstract = {Nutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 16 species in the genus Lycopus were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The nutlets of all taxa in the genus Lycopus are well adapted to typical hydrochory (or nautochory) with an air-filled pericarp, and myxocarpy was not at all found. It is noteworthy that the nutlet morphology (in particular the shape of corky crests and corky ring and the distribution of glandular trichomes) and pericarp anatomy of Lycopacs are unique and are well distinguished from the other genera in the tribe Mentheae. We also found some groups of the species within the genus Lycopus by the present nutlet morphological and anatomical data that appear to be useful as diagnostic characteristics for delineation purposes at the specific/interspecific levels. The earlier infrageneric classification for the genus Lycopus is, however, not well supported by the present results. In addition, the systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics investigated are briefly discussed.},
	keywords = {Genera, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lycopus, Mentheae, Nutlet Morphology, Pericarp Anatomy, Pericarp Structure, Phylogeny, Verbenaceae},
	doi = {10.1007/s10265-006-0023-6},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/97q7487377703q2w/},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Suk-Pyo Hong}
}
@article {Braeuchler:2006p1169,
	title = {New names in Old World Clinopodium - the transfer of the species of Micromeria sect. Pseudomelissa to Clinopodium},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {55},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {977{\textendash}981},
	abstract = {Micromeria has recently been revealed polyphyletic by molecular analyses, with members of sect. Pseudomelissa placed in close relationship to Clinopodium vulgare. Morphological data suport transferring the section to Clinopodium. A list of names under Clinopodium (including 15 new combinations) is provided for the taxa hitherto included in Micromeria sect. Pseudomelissa. Three species names are typified.},
	keywords = {Clinopodium, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Micromeria, Sect. Pseudomelissa, Taxonomy, Typification},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000243127900015\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {Christian Braeuchler and Harald Meimberg and Guenther Heubl}
}
@article {SchmidtLebuhn:2008p1105,
	title = {Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Minthostachys (Labiatae, Nepetoideae) examined using morphological and nrITS data},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {270},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {25{\textendash}38},
	abstract = {Minthostachys (Benth.) Spach (Labiatae) from Andean South America was long held to be closely related to Macaronesian Bystropogon L{\textquoteright}Her. or to North American Pycnanthemum Michx. The possibility of a close relationship to elements of South American Satureja/Clinopodium s.l. is here proposed for the first time, and a phylogenetic analysis of nrITS data is employed to test the competing hypotheses. For Minthostachys and its putative closest relatives, the possible evolution of morphological characters is investigated with a cladistic analysis. The results suggest that Minthostachys is nested in a clade of South American Mentheae, and probably in the former genus Xenopoma Willd., a group of small-flowered, bee-pollinated species currently included in Clinopodium L.. Minthostachys is considered monophyletic based on nrITS data and its scandent habit.},
	keywords = {Bootstrap, Bystropogon, Confidence, Genus Bystropogon Lamiaceae, Its, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Limits, Mentheae, Minthostachys, Mu(N)Over-Tildea, Nuclear Ribosomal Dna, Region},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-007-0598-y},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/m572q7rj3u8225h8/},
	author = {A. N Schmidt-Lebuhn}
}
@article {Blunden:1996p1134,
	title = {Betaine distribution in the Labiatae},
	journal = {Biochem Syst Ecol},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {71{\textendash}81},
	abstract = {Seventy-nine species and three hybrids of Labiatae have been examined for the presence of betaines, which were isolated from and characterised for all the plants tested in six of the eight subfamilies (Ajugoideae, Teucrioideae, Viticoideae, Lamioideae, Pogostemonoideae and Scutellarioideae). However, unlike the Lamioideae, all species of which had relatively high betaine levels, those members tested of the other major subfamily, the Nepetoideae, either gave low betaine yields or these compounds were not detected. The three species examined representing the Chloanthoideae contained compounds which reacted with Dragendorff{\textquoteright}s reagent, but their structures could not be determined because of the small quantities isolated.The betaines found in different species of the same genus were very similar, supporting the view that these compounds have taxonomic significance at the generic level.},
	keywords = {Betaines, Chemotaxonomy, Dragendorff-Positive Compounds, Labiatae, Marine-Algae, Quantitative Estimation, Quaternary Ammonium},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=A1996TZ60000009\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {G Blunden and MH Yang and ZX Yuan and BE Smith and A Patel and JA Cegarra and I Mathe and G Janicsak}
}
@article {Brauchler:2005p1116,
	title = {Polyphyly of the genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae) - evidence from cpDNA sequence data},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {54},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {639{\textendash}650},
	abstract = {Micromeria Benth. (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideac) is a very common genus in the Mediterranean region. To test the monophyly of the genus and to elucidate its phylogenetic placement within subtribe Menthinae (Dumort) Endl, of tribe Mentheae Dumort we performed parsimony analysis of trnK intron sequence data of 51 accessions representing 15 genera of Nepetoideae and two genera of subfamily Ajugoideae. Tree topology reveals a well-supported "core group" indicating four distinct lineages. The first one comprises three species of Satureja L. s.str., the second one includes taxa of the genus Clinopodium L. from both the Old and the New World, paraphyletic with respect to Monarda L. and two species of Micromeria section Pseudomelissa Benth. A third group contains all samples of the remaining Micromeria species. Within this monophyly, a western lineage including taxa, from NW Africa, the Balearic, and the Canary Islands, is sister to an eastern lineage with species distributed from SE Asia to the western Mediterranean. In a further clade the genera Thymbra L., Thymus L., and Origanum L. are grouped together. Combined analysis using a reduced dataset of trnK/trnL-F sequences increased support for the infrageneric resolution within Micromeria. Based on the phylogenetic reconstructions there is evidence that the genus as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic. Results are discussed in the context of morphology, karyology, and biogeography, outlining the necessity of removing section Pseudomelissa from Micromeria.},
	keywords = {Clinopodium, Dna-Sequences, Genera, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Micromeria, Molecular phylogeny, Polyphyly, Trnk, trnL-F},
	author = {C Brauchler and H Meimberg and T Abele and G Heubl}
}
@booklet {AbdelMogib:2002p1132,
	title = {Chemistry of the genus Plectranthus},
	howpublished = {Molecules},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {This review presents the phytochemical constituents of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 1999. Only a tetrameric derivative of caffeic acid was isolated from P. japonicus, but a group of long-chain alkylphenols, of possible taxonomic significance in the genus, was also isolated. As a genus of the subfamily Nepetoideae, Plectranthus is free from iridoid glycosides and rich in essential oil (i.e. > 0.5\% volatile oil on a dry weight basis). Diterpenoids are the more common secondary metabolites in Plectranthus. The majority of them are highly modified abietanoids. This seems to be similar to the pattern of diterpenoids observed for Salvia, but no clerodane diterpenoids were found in Plectranthus.},
	keywords = {Abietane Diterpenoids, Antimicrobial Abietane, Chemical-Composition, Coleus, Diterpenoids, Essential Oil, Hereroensis, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Leaf-Gland Pigments, Phytochemical Constituents, Plants, Plectranthus, Southern Africa},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000174211500017\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {M Abdel-Mogib and HA Albar and SM Batterjee}
}
@article {Braeuchler:2008p1106,
	title = {Killickia (Lamiaceae): a new genus from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa},
	journal = {Bot J Linn Soc},
	volume = {157},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {575{\textendash}586},
	abstract = {The genus Killickia is described to accommodate the South African endemic species formerly placed in Micromeria sect. Hesperothymus. Morphological data, as well as results from unpublished phylogenetic studies support its separation from the genera Micromeria and Clinopodium. A new species Killickia lutea Brauchler is described and three new combinations are made. Killickia is characterised as comprising solitary- or few-flowered cymes, a campanulate to subcampanulate (obconical) calyx with similar teeth, a corolla tube with two pubescent ridges and nutlets with scattered minute hairs. A thickened marginal vein in the leaves as typical for Micromeria is absent. As currently understood all species are restricted to the Drakensberg mountains and KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in eastern South Africa. A key to the species, brief notes on anatomy and ecology are provided. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.},
	keywords = {Anatomy, Clinopodium, Labiatae, Mentheae, Menthinae, Micromeria, Nepetoideae, New Species, Revision, Satureja, Sem, Taxonomy},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000257717600013\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {Christian Braeuchler and Anton Doroszenko and Hans-Joachim Esser and Guenther Heubl}
}
@article {Bramley:2009p3212,
	title = {Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {58},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {500{\textendash}510},
	abstract = {The relationships of Vitex and genera historically placed in Lamiaceae subfamily Viticoideae were investigated. Particular focus was given to some South East Asian genera traditionally allied to Vitex (Paravitex, Tsoongia, Viticigremna, Tejismanniodendron) since progress with South East Asian Floras is being hampered by a lack of clarity in current generic delimitation. On the basis of maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of ITS and ndhF sequence data we provide evidence that the Viticoideae is not monophyletic, its members being spread between a number of clades which include genera currently recognised as incertae sedis (Peronema, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Tectona). The most well Supported clade, the Vitex group, contains Vitex, Paravitex, Tsoongia, Viticipremna, Petitia and Teijsmanniodendron. Morphological similarities of the genera included in this group are also discussed. In light of this evidence Paravitex, Viticipremna and Tsoongia are reduced to synonymy with Vitex, the new combinations being made here. The position of Teijsmanniodendron is not resolved and its generic status is therefore upheld. Similarly, PC-litia is upheld due to a lack of neotropical taxa within the sample.},
	keywords = {Clerodendrum Lamiaceae, Cyrtandra Gesneriaceae, Floras, Islands, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Molecular-Data, New-Guinea, Parsimony, Phylogeny, Sequences, South East Asia, Systematics, Vitex, Viticoideae},
	author = {Gemma L. C Bramley and Felix Forest and Rogier P. J de Kok}
}
@article {Moon:2010p2761,
	title = {Phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae): The story of molecules and micromorphological characters},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {59},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1065{\textendash}1076},
	abstract = {Mentheae are the largest tribe in the family Lamiaceae and economically important, including herbs like mint, sage and thyme. The evolutionary history of this tribe was reconstructed based on ITS and trnL-trnF spacer sequence data of 71 species, representing. 47 out of 65 genera. The resulting phylogeny was used to analyse the distribution of selected morphological characteristics such as sexine ornamentation of pollen, nutlet shape with existence of abscission scar and its form, and trichome types. Two monophyletic groups are recognized, which largely correspond to the current subtribal circumscription. Subtribe Salviinae is monophyletic, including the genus Melissa which was a genus of uncertain affinity in Mentheae. Subtribe Menthinae is not monophyletic since Cleonia, Horminum, Hyssopus, Lycopus and Prunella are more closely related with subtribe Nepetinae. Although we could not detect any morphological synapomorphies for each clade, morphological variation seems to be correlated with the molecular phylogeny. A circular abscission scar without distinct lateral areole occurred mainly in Salviinae, while the majority of the species of Mentheae and Nepetinae had a clear areole at the abscission scar. In addition, a reticulate sexine ornamentation is rather common in the Menthinae clade.},
	keywords = {Anatomy, Dna, Evolution, Inference, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Mentheae, Micromorphology, Morphology, Nepetoideae Lamiaceae, Phylogeny, Salvia Lamiaceae, Sequence Data, Verbenaceae},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@article {Moon:2003p1112,
	title = {Pollen morphology of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Annales Botanici Fennici},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {191{\textendash}198},
	abstract = {The pollen morphology of 15 species (34 specimens) of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae, Mentheae) was studied and documented in detail using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pollen is mostly medium or sometimes small in size, with a circular amb, oblate to prolate in shape, hexacolpate with granular membranes; the exine is bi-reticulate, with unbranched columellae and a continuous, lamellated endexine. The results indicate that Lycopus is stenopalynous; thus the value of pollen characters for taxonomic applications is limited. Some phylogenetic relationships with other related taxa within the tribe Mentheae are also briefly discussed.},
	keywords = {Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lycopus, Mentheae, Pollen Morphology, Sem, Systematics, Tem},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000184654300003\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {HK Moon and SP Hong}
}
@article {Moon:2008p1109,
	title = {A search for phylogenetically informative pollen characters in the subtribe Salviinae (Mentheae : Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences},
	volume = {169},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {455{\textendash}471},
	abstract = {The pollen morphology and ultrastructure of the subtribe Salviinae were investigated with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, cladistic analyses of the obtained morphological data, supplemented with rbcL data from GenBank, were conducted in order to assess the phylogenetic signal of palynological characters. Salviinae pollen is small to large, oblate to prolate in shape, with a circular to slightly elliptic amb, and mostly hexacolpate. Perovskia abrotanoides appears to be distylous and shows a significant pollen dimorphism between pin and thrum flowers. The sexine ornamentation of the genera Lepechinia and Chaunostoma is perforate, while the ornamentation of other genera is bireticulate. Perovskia expresses a unique type of sexine ornamentation. The sexine ornamentation variation in Salvia has systematic importance but only partly corresponds with current phylogenetic hypotheses. Unbranched columellae and a continuous, granular endexine are hypothesized to be a symplesiomorphic condition in the tribe Mentheae. Our combined phylogenetic analyses show that the addition of palynological characters contributes to improved resolution and also increases bootstrap support values in comparison with molecular phylogenetic analyses.},
	keywords = {Distyly, Grains, Labiatae, Morphology, Orbicules, Palynology, Perovskia, Phylogeny, Pollen Dimorphism, Salviinae, Systematics},
	doi = {10.1086/526463},
	url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/526463},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Stefan Vinckier and Jay B Walker and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@article {Oliveira:2007p1317,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and systematics of Dicerandra (Lamiaceae), a genus endemic to the southeastern United States{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Am J Bot},
	volume = {94},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1017{\textendash}1027},
	abstract = {Dicerandra, an endemic mint of the southeastern United States, comprises nine species, all of which are threatened or endangered and restricted to sandhill vegetation and a mosaic of scrub habitats. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Dicerandra based on data from the nuclear and plastid genomes for all 13 taxa of the genus, identified two strongly supported clades, corresponding to the four annual and to the five perennial species of Dicerandra. However, the nuclear and plastid trees were incongruent in their placement of two perennial taxa, D. cornutissima and D. immaculata var. savannarum, perhaps due to ancient hybridization or to lineage sorting. Based on these analyses, the widespread D. linearifolia is not monophyletic, with populations of D. linearifolia var. linearifolia falling into either western or eastern clades. The western clade, comprising populations of D. linearifolia var. linearifolia and var. robustior, occurs in an area drained by rivers flowing toward the Gulf of Mexico, whereas the eastern clade, comprising populations of D. linearifolia var. linearifolia, D. densiflora, D. odoratissima, and D. radfordiana (i.e., all the annual species), occupies a region drained by rivers flowing to the Atlantic Ocean. Although this pattern of genetic differentiation between populations from these two river drainages has been documented in several animal species, it has not previously been reported for plants. A revised subgeneric classification is presented to reflect the annual and perennial clades.},
	keywords = {Biogeography, Chloroplast Dna, Conservation, Dicerandra, Endemic Species, Florida, Inferences, Internal Transcribed Spacer, Labiatae, Lake Wales Ridge, Matk, Plant, Sequences, Trnt-Trnl},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000249830600013\&SID=2ABa3P2LDb\%2540FhI56hhg\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_i},
	author = {Luiz O Oliveira and Robin B Huck and Matthew A Gitzendanner and Walter S Judd and Douglas E Soltis and Pamela S Soltis}
}
@article {Zaidi:1998p1135,
	title = {Free flavonoid aglycones from leaves of Mentha pulegium and Mentha suaveolens (Labiatae)},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {48},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {991{\textendash}994},
	abstract = {Methoxyflavone aglycones were isolated from the leaf surface of Mentha suaveolens and M. pulegium. 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy- and 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavones with a substituted B-ring and 5,6-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavones, characteristic flavonoid constituents of the subfamily Nepetoideae and of the tribe Saturejeae, respectively, were observed in both species. Mentha suaveolens showed considerable chemical variation between samples from Spain and Algeria. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Chemotaxonomy, Chemotypes, External Flavones, Labiatae, Mentha, X-Piperita},
	author = {F Zaidi and B Voirin and M Jay and MR Viricel}
}
@article {Gao:2003p1172,
	title = {Oleanane-triterpene saponins from Clinopodium urticifolium},
	journal = {Chinese Chem Lett},
	volume = {14},
	number = {10},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1041{\textendash}1044},
	abstract = {Four new oleanane triterpene saponins were isolated and purified from the whole plant of Clinopodium urticifolium. They were 3beta, 16beta, 23, 28-tetrahydroxyoleana-9 (11), 12(13)-diene-3yl-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>2)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>3)]- beta-D-fucopyranoside 1; 3beta, 16beta, 21beta, 23, 28-pentahydroxyoleana-9(11), 12(13)-diene-3-yl-[beta-D-glueopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>2)]-[ beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>3)]- beta-D-fucopyranoside 2; 3beta, 16beta, 23, 28-tetrabydroxyoleana-9(11), 12(13)-diene-3-yl-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>3)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>2)]- beta-D-fucopyranoside 3; 3beta, 16beta, 23, 28-tetrahydroxyoleana-9(11), 12(13)-diene-3-yl-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\textendash}>3)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1- 2)]- P-D-fucopyranoside 4. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of interpretation of NMR and MS data and from chemical evidence.},
	keywords = {Clinopodium Urticifolium, Labiatae, Oleanane Triterpene Saponins},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000185983600017\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {LM Gao and XM Wei and DL Cheng}
}
@article {ElOualidi:1999p704,
	title = {Utility of rDNA ITS sequences in the systematics of Teucrium section Polium (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Plant Syst Evol},
	volume = {215},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {49{\textendash}70},
	abstract = {A phylogenetic study based on sequence data from the complete internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA for sect. Polium of the genus Teucrium shows both intersectional congruence and intrasectional incongruence with traditional morphological classifications. We attribute this incongruence largely to problems related to the polyploid complex studied. Section Polium includes many poorly differentiated taxa of probable recent origin through hybridization followed by polyploidization. Both on the basis of parsimony and distance (Neighbor-Joining method) analyses, T. dunense and T. thymifolium are the species that diverge most from the sampled taxa. However, unlike T. thymifolium, the morphology of ir: dunense is not much differentiated in relation to the other taxa. Both species are, nonetheless, the only sampled species to occupy isolated, exclusive environments and which may have undergone rapid evolution by a bottleneck effect. Teucrium dunense is found only on dunes along the Spanish and French coasts and ir: thymifolium, a chasmophytic species with limited endemism, is found solely on limestone and dolomite cliffs in the low mountains in south-eastern Spain. A hypothesis is presented to explain the discrepancy between the observed comparatively large amount of ITS sequence divergence and the low morphological differentiation in T. dunense.},
	keywords = {Evolution, Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Its), Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Nuclear Ribosomal Dna, Nucleotide-Sequences, Phylogenetic Analysis, Phylogeny, Polyploid Complex, Populations, Rbcl, Sect. Polium, Teucrium, Transcribed Spacer Sequences, Trees},
	author = {J El Oualidi and O Verneau and S Puech and JY Dubuisson}
}
@article {DuletiaeLauseviae:1999p1130,
	title = {Pericarp structure and myxocarpy in selected genera of Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Nord J Bot},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {435{\textendash}446},
	abstract = {The pericarp structure has been analyzed in 37 species representing 13 genera from four tribes of Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae). 11 species an endemics of Balkan Peninsula or other Mediterranean regions. Basically, the pericarp was similar to other Nepetoideae by having exocarp, mesocarp s. str., vertically arranged bone cells and thin innermost cell layer. The ratio between pericarp thickness and nutlet size was the highest in Mentha spp. According to this parameter Micromeria species belonging to different sections could be distinguished. Acinos spp. were characterized by the thickest sclerenchyma in ratio to pericarp thickness. Crystals were present within sclerenchyma region in genera Mentha, Melissa, Nepeta and Prunella. The mucilage production has also been tested. Most of the studied species produced mucilage when becoming wet. The strongest mucilage reaction showed Acinos and Prunella. Pericarp characters studied are of taxonomical interest. They were mainly correlated with the generic or infrageneric classification of some genera.},
	keywords = {Labiatae, Phylogeny, Tribe Ocimeae},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000084475900007\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {S Duletiae-Lauseviae and PD Marin}
}
@article {Ryding:1995p1138,
	title = {Pericarp structure and phylogeny of the Lamiaceae-Verbenaceae-complex},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {198},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {101{\textendash}141},
	abstract = {Pericarp structure was investigated in 158 species of the families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae. Data from 221 out of 262 genera of Lamiaceae s.l. and a few of Verbenaceae s.str. were collected in a table. A cladistic analysis was performed on the basis of pericarp characters only. The abandonment of subfam. Pogostemonoideae as a taxonomic unit is considered. Examples of groups given additional support by similarities in pericarp characters are: (1) the gynobasic-styled labiates (subfamilies Pogostemonoideae, Lamioi deae, Nepetoideae); (2) a Lamioideae-Pogostemonoideae-group; (3) Nepetoideae; (4) a Westringia-Hemigenia-Hemiandra-Microcorys group (in subfam. Chloranthoideae); (5) a Lepechinia-Chaunostoma-group (in Nepetoideae); (6) a Prunella-Cleonia-group (in Nepetoideae).},
	keywords = {Anatomy, Chloanthoideae, Classification, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Morphology, Nepetoideae, Pericarp, Phylogeny, Pogostemonoideae, Rbcl, Scutellarioideae, Sequences, Verbenaceae},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=A1995TN62000006\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {O Ryding}
}
@article {Moon:2008p1104,
	title = {Palynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {275},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {93{\textendash}108},
	abstract = {The pollen morphology of subtribe Menthinae sensu Harley et al. [In: The families and genera of vascular plants VII. Flowering plants.dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, pp 167-275, 2004] and two genera of uncertain subtribal affinities (Heterolamium and Melissa) are documented in order to complete our palynological overview of the tribe Mentheae. Menthinae pollen is small to medium in size (13-43 mu m), oblate to prolate in shape and mostly hexacolpate (sometimes pentacolpate). Perforate, microreticulate or bireticulate exine ornamentation types were observed. The exine ornamentation of Menthinae is systematically highly informative particularly at generic level. The exine stratification in all taxa studied is characterized by unbranched columellae. Orbicules are consistently absent in Menthinae. Our palynological data are interpreted in a phylogenetic context at tribal level in order to assess the systematic value of pollen characters and to evaluate the existing molecular phylogenies for this group. Pollen morphology suggests Heterolamium as a close relative of subtribe Nepetinae and supports the molecular affinity of Melissa to subtribe Salviinae.},
	keywords = {Angiosperms, Bireticulum, Exine Ornamentation, Labiatae, Mentheae, Menthinae, Nepetoideae, Orbicules, Palynology, Phylogeny, Pollen Morphology, Salvia Lamiaceae, Sequence Data, Systematic Implications, Tapetum, Ultrastructure},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-008-0042-y},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/r53652ggm17k1457/},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Stefan Vinckier and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@article {Bendiksby:2011p3196,
	title = {An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {60},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {471{\textendash}484},
	abstract = {Lamioideae comprise the second-largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in Lamioideae phylogenetics, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Here we present a taxonomic update of the subfamily based on earlier published data as well as 71 new DNA extracts from relevant in- and outgroup taxa, and DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions (matK, rps16, trnL intron and trnL-F spacer). The phylogenetic positions of 10 out of 13 previously unplaced small or monotypic Asian lamioid genera and 37 additional lamioid species have been identified, and the classification is updated accordingly. Results from parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods corroborate earlier results, but phylogenetic resolution as well as overall branch support are improved. All newly added genera are assigned to earlier established tribes or the new tribe Paraphlomideae Bendiksby, which includes Ajugoides, Matsumurella and Paraphlomis. Acanthoprasium is resurrected as a genus. Transfer of species is proposed to accommodate the monophyly of two genera (Lamium, Otostegia), whereas ten genera remain non-monophyletic (Ballota s.str., Lagopsis, Leonotis, Leonurus, Leucas, Microtoena, Phlomoides, Sideritis, Stachys, Thuspeinanta). Eriophyton and Stachyopsis have been included in Lamieae, Hypogomphia in Stachydeae, and Loxocalyx in Leonureae. Betonica, Colquhounia, Galeopsis, and Roylea remain unclassified at the tribal level. Lamium chinense and three East Asian Galeobdolon species are transferred to Matsumurella. Sulaimania and four Otostegia species are transferred to Moluccella. Alajja and three Lamium species are transferred to Eriophyton. In total, 14 new combinations are made, one at the rank of subgenus and 13 at the rank of species.},
	keywords = {Acanthoprasium, Chloroplast Sequence Datasets, Classification, Dna, Eriophyton, Evolution, Hawaiian Endemic Mints, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Matsumurella, Molecular Phylogenetics, Moluccella, Nuclear, Origin, Paraphlomideae, Pericarp Structure, Sideritis Lamiaceae},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=2B\%2540kNem2NICHnHfl3PI\&product=WOS\&UT=000289587100015\&SrcApp=Papers\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_images\%252Fwok5_failed_auth.html\&Init=Yes\&action=retrieve\&SrcAuth=meken},
	author = {Mika Bendiksby and Lisbeth Thorbek and Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Charlotte Lindqvist and Olof Ryding}
}
@article {Ryding:2007p1121,
	title = {Amount of calyx fibres in Lamiaceae, relation to calyx structure, phylogeny and ecology},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {268},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {45{\textendash}58},
	abstract = {Calyces of 306 species representing 181 out of the 236 genera of Lamiaceae have been studied with particular emphasis on the amount of fibres and similar xylem cells. A characteristic calyx tissue called "mesophyll fibres", reported by earlier authors, is found to belong to the xylem. Most species of the subfamilies Lamioideae and Scutellarioideae differ from most other labiates, and particularly from Nepetoideae, in having much larger amounts of fibres and similar xylem cells in the calyx tube. This result supports cladistic hypotheses based on cpDNA showing that Lamioideae and Scutellarioideae are closely related and remotely related to Nepetoideae. The new data also contribute to the knowledge about the phylogeny within Lamioideae. The amount of fibres and similar cells also seems to be positively correlated with calyx size, calyx width, a ballistic dispersal mechanism in Scutellaria, and the aridity of the habitat. Possible adaptive significances of these correlations are discussed.},
	keywords = {Calyx, Fibres, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Phylogeny, Scutellarioideae, Sequences},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-007-0537-y},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/51h118122296762q/},
	author = {O Ryding}
}
@article {Moon:2009p250,
	title = {Phylogenetic significance of leaf micromorphology and anatomy in the tribe Mentheae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Bot J Linn Soc},
	volume = {160},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211{\textendash}231},
	abstract = {A comparative micromorphological study of leaves was carried out on 102 species of Mentheae; 61 species were selected for the anatomical study. Mentheae possessed both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. The diversity of leaf epidermal characteristics was based on the variation in morphology of epidermal cells, stomata types and trichome types. Although each characteristic on its own has rather limited systematic value, the combination of some of these features may be systematically relevant, especially for the identification of species. For example, branched multicellular nonglandular trichomes were a diagnostic characteristic for all genera investigated of the subtribe Salviinae; however, this trichome type was also observed in Hedeoma ciliolata and Neoeplingia leucophylloides of the subtribe Menthinae. Capitate glandular trichomes with pear-shaped heads were only observed in Salvia dorrii. Subsessile glandular trichomes with multicellular heads (more than ten cells) were an apomorphy for Perovskia. The anatomical leaf structure was consistent throughout the tribe. In some species, the vascular bundles in the midrib were modified into a mechanical tissue, which is an adaptation to xerophytic environments. The observed variations are discussed in an ecological context and their phylogenetic significance is evaluated. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160, 211-231.},
	keywords = {Epidermal Characters, Epidermis, Essential Oil, Evolution, Genus, Glandular Hairs, Labiatae, Leaves, Monarda-Fistulosa, Morphology, Phylogenetics, Stomata, Systematics, Trichome, Trichomes, Vascular Bundle},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00979.x},
	author = {Hye-Kyoung Moon and Suk-Pyo Hong and Erik Smets and Suzy Huysmans}
}
@booklet {Walker:2007p1114,
	title = {Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever},
	howpublished = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {100},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {375{\textendash}391},
	abstract = {Background and Aims The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented.Methods Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera.Key Results These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus.Conclusions Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.},
	keywords = {Diversification, Dorystaechas, Floral Evolution, Floral Nectar Spurs, Incongruence, Key Innovation, Labiatae, Lepechinia, Melissa, Mentheae, Meriandra, Perovskia, Radiation, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Sequences, Staminal Morphology, Zhumeria},
	doi = {10.1093/aob/mcl176},
	url = {http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/2/375},
	author = {Jay B Walker and Kenneth J Sytsma}
}
@article {Scheen:2009p3205,
	title = {Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {173{\textendash}181},
	abstract = {The genus Leucas R.Br. includes 100 recognized species ranging in distribution from Africa through the Indian subcontinent to Queensland, Australia. Morphological cladistic studies have suggested that several other genera of Lamioideae - Acrotome, Isoleucas, Leonotis, and Otostegia (pro parte) - may be closely related to Leucas, or even nested within it. Here we use phylogenetic analysis of three plastid DNA loci, the trnL-F region, trnS-G spacer, and the rps16 intron and reach similar conclusions. Many of the morphological features used to maintain Leucas since 1810 are shared ancestral (symplesiomorphic) characters. The other genera (or subgeneric group in the case of Otostegia) are therefore defined by apomorphic states. This is particularly apparent in the case of Leonotis, with its highly specialized bird-pollinated flowers, derived within a paraphyletic and insect-pollinated Leucas. Some geographically isolated groups are monophyletic, including all Asian species of Leucas, a Socotran clade, and a large African lineage.},
	keywords = {Amplification, Biogeography, Chloroplast Dna, Evolution, Labiatae, Mints, Parsimony, Regions, Rps16, Trnl-Trnf, Trns-Trng},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=2B\%2540kNem2NICHnHfl3PI\&product=WOS\&UT=000263801200018\&SrcApp=Papers\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_images\%252Fwok5_failed_auth.html\&Init=Yes\&action=retrieve\&SrcAuth=meken},
	author = {Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A Albert}
}
@article {WAGSTAFF:1998p1141,
	title = {Phylogeny in Labiatae sl, inferred from cpDNA sequences},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {209},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {265{\textendash}274},
	abstract = {Sequences of rbcL and ndhF were analysed independently and in combination to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Labiatae s. 1. Monophyly of Labiatae s. 1 was supported by all three analyses. Congea tomentosa (Symphoremataceae) is nested within Labiatae s. 1. in the rbcL analysis, but emerges as the sister group of Labiatae s. 1. in the ndhF and combined analyses. Four noteworthy clades of Labiate s. 1. also are supported by all analyses corresponding to subfamilies Nepetoideae, Lamioideae, Pogostemonoideae and Scutellarioideae. Monophyly of subfamilies Chloanthoideae and Viticoideae is not supported. A clade comprising Teucrioideae plus Ajuga is supported by ndhF and the combined analysis.},
	keywords = {Asteridae, Cladistics, Classification, Cpdna, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Ndhf, Parsimony Analysis, Phylogeny, Rbcl},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000072628900007\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {SJ WAGSTAFF and L Hickerson and R Spangler and PA Reeves and RG OLMSTEAD}
}
@article {Wink:1996p1139,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships between some members of the subfamily Lamioideae (family Labiatae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene},
	journal = {Bot Acta},
	volume = {109},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {139{\textendash}148},
	abstract = {Total DNA was extracted from 25 species (8 general of the subfamily Lamioideae sensu Erdtman (family Labiatae). Using rbcl-specific primers, the rbcL gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 1420 bp were sequenced directly, or after cloning. RbcL sequences were evaluated with character-state (maximum parsimony; PAUP) and distance methods (neighbour-joining; MEGA). In agreement with classical systematics all taxa studied cluster outside the Nepetoideae. The following clades are apparent: I - Westringia/Prostanthera, II - Ajuga/Teucrium and III - Scutellaria, Stachys, Lamium and Marrubium. Lamium album, L. amplexicaule and L. garganicum appear as a sister clade to Marrubium. Both share a common ancestor with a second Lamium clade (including L. purpureum, L. maculatum and L. galeobdolon). The phylogenetic relationships are discussed with regard to the systematic classification of the subfamilies Lamioideae and Nepetoideae (sensu Erdtman).},
	keywords = {Asteridae, Labiatae, Lamioideae, Molecular phylogeny, Nucleotide Sequences, Plants, Pollen Morphology, Rbcl, Trees},
	url = {http://access.isiproducts.com/custom_images/wok_failed_auth.html},
	author = {N Wink and M Kaufmann}
}
@article {Janicsak:2006p1123,
	title = {Study of the oleanolic and ursolic acid contents of some species of the Lamiaceae},
	journal = {Biochem Syst Ecol},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {392{\textendash}396},
	abstract = {The oleanolic and ursolic acid contents from 88 taxa. of Lamiaceae (19 genera, 66 species, 8 subspecies, 9 varieties and 5 hybrids) were investigated using gas chromatography. Both triterpenoid acids were present in all of the investigated taxa, but the plants belonging in the subfamily Nepetoideae produced significantly higher amounts than those in the subfamily Lamioideae. The oleanolic acid content ranged from traces to 1.840\% dry weight, and that of ursolic acid from traces to 4.019\% dry weight. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Chemotaxonomy, Constituents, Diterpenoids, Gas Chromatography, Herb, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Mice, Oleanolic Acid, Pentacyclic Triterpenes, Salvia-Officinalis, Subfamily Lamioideae, Subfamily Nepetoideae, Triterpenoids, Ursolic Acid},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bse.2005.12.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6T4R-4JCBPHY-1\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=0fa9d49fb0d0eed1c4653613967dc834},
	author = {G Janicsak and K Veres and AZ Kakasy and I Mathe}
}
