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Lamiaceae Taxonomy Browser
Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 7
Species With Barcodes: 1
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
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Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Galeopsis+bifida |
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Galeopsis+bifida |
Galeopsis bifida is an annual plant native to Europe and Asia but now found in Canada and the northeastern, midwestern parts of the United States. It has many common names such as bifid hemp-nettle,[1] split-lip hemp-nettle, common hemp-nettle,[1] and large-flowered hemp-nettle.[1] The genus name means weasel-like, referring to the corolla of the flower. It is often confused with other species of Lamiaceae such as Mentha arvensis, Dracocephalum parviflorum and Stachys pilosa.[2]
Contents
Distribution[edit]
Galeopsis bifida naturally occurs throughout Canada, the northeastern and midwestern parts of the United States, and has been introduced to Alaska.[2] It was also introduced in some parts of New Zealand and the Canary Islands.
Habitat and Ecology[edit]
Hempnettle mostly grow in disturbed sites, roadsides, gardens, agricultural lands, wet heaths and sometimes in woods. It creates a dense mid-forb layer dominating the regular grass and low forbs. It utilizes limited nutrients and requires moist soil, usually prefers moderate levels of acid and basic soils.[2][3]
Morphology[edit]
Hempnettle could grow up to 1 meter high. Its leaves and flowers are hairy. Leaves are simple, 1 to 5 inches long, opposite, margins are serrate and ovate in shape, pubescent on both sides. The stem is swollen below the leaf nodes. Its flowers can be purple, white or pink and are terminal in axillary clusters.[2]
Flowers and fruit[edit]
Like other Lamiaceae, its corolla is bilabiate meaning that it has two lips, an upper lip and a lower lip. The upper lip has one lobe and the lower lip has three lobes covered with hair on the lower side of the lobe. The flowers are bell shaped and bilaterally symmetrical, ranging in size from about one half to three fourths of an inch. The pistil consists of two fused carpels; its stigma is two-lobed. There are four stamens, two long and two short. Its style is solitary. Its flowering time is late summer to autumn. Its fruit is a schizocarp, brown in color.[1] This plant is self-pollinated, each plant with a capacity of producing up to 2,800 seeds which can remain dormant under soil for several years. The seeds are large; dispersal is via mammal fur. Germination occurs when the seeds are brought near to the soil surface[2] and it takes place within a month.[1]
Usage[edit]
There are not any medicinal uses for this plant but the oil obtained from the seeds is used as a polish for leather.
Toxicity[edit]
This plant is very poisonous and could cause paralysis.[3] It has been declared noxious in Manitoba, Alberta, Quebec and some parts of Alaska.[2]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Galeopsis bifida. |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galeopsis_bifida&oldid=626962131 |
A widespread weed.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019676 |
Canada
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Galeopsis+bifida |
Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019676 |
Europe, N. & W. Asia, Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), China, Japan.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200019676 |
3800-4200 m
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200019676 |
Stems erect, 20-60(-100) cm tall, robust; nodes enlarged when fresh, shrivelled when dry, bristly; internodes bristly, appressed pubescent, apically sometimes also glandular pubescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, pubescent; stem leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-8.5 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially appressed bristly, abaxially sparsely puberulent, glandular, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Verticillasters solitary, crowded; bracts linear to lanceolate, 3-6 mm, base ± membranous, margin bristly, apex spinescent. Calyx ca. 1 cm, spreading bristly outside, puberulent inside; teeth subequal, almost as long as tube, narrowly triangular, apex long spinescent. Corolla white and/or yellow, rarely purplish red, ca. 1.4 cm, tube ca. 8 mm; upper lip obtuse, margin denticulate, bristly; middle lobe of lower lip oblong, ca. 2 mm wide, emarginate, purple spotted to margin, slightly constricted at base; lateral lobes oblong, entire, slightly wider than middle lobe. Filaments pubescent toward base. Nutlets brown, obovoid, triquetrous, scaly. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019676 |