02771nas a2200265   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260000800227300001400235490000700249520174500256653001802001653001702019653004002036653000802076653001402084653001402098653003102112653001102143653002202154653003602176653001602212100001702228856026002245       2000                        eng d00aDistribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the family Lamiaceae determined by ESR spectroscopy0 aDistribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the  cJan  a229–2530 v283 aThe dihydric phenolics from the leaves of 365 specimens representing 355 species and varieties of 110 genera of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) have been examined as semiquinones by ESR spectroscopy. Of these 89 genera comprising 194 species belong to the Lamiaceae, whereas 21 genera comprising 161 species have been transferred from the Verbenaceae in the most recent classification. Two chemical characters give strong support to the subfamily division of the Lamiaceae as recognised by Erdtman (1945). (Svensk Bet. Tidskr. 29, 279-285) and others. Rosmarinic acid was observed in 110 species out of 127 studied and confined to the subfamily Nepetoideae sensu Erdtman. These species produce tricolpate pollen grains. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides were observed in 111 species all confined to Lamioideae sensu Erdtman with hexacolpate pollen grains. The acid and the phenylethanoid glycosides were found to be mutually exclusive, apart from one species, Teucrium scorodonia. A compound tentatively assigned as a beta-hydroxy-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanoid glycoside, was observed in 49 species, solely confined to subfamily Lamioideae. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid was observed in Aegiphila mollis and in Hymenopyramis brachiata, both belonging to Lamioideae. No phenylethanoid glycosides were observed from any of 5 Hymenopyramis or from any of 30 species of Vitex. The latter result questions the transfer of the genus to Lamiaceae, but strengthens its isolated position. Chlorogenic acid was observed in 34 species and protochatechuic acid in 16 species. Hydroquinone is scattered in the family (4 species) and thymohydroquinone was observed in 7 species all belong to the Nepetoideae. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.10aChemotaxonomy10aConstituents10aDihydroxy-Phenylethanoid Glycosides10aEsr10aLamiaceae10aPhenolics10aPhenylpropanoid Glycosides10aPlants10aPollen Morphology10aRosmarinic And Chlorogenic Acid10aVerbenaceae1 aPedersen, JA  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000085500300004&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image03295nas a2200349   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300001200223490000700235520212400242653001802366653001302384653001202397653002902409653002402438653001702462653001902479653001102498653001902509653001402528653001902542653001602561653001302577653001102590653002102601653001102622100002002633700002902653700002302682856024002705       2007                        eng d00aCombined effects of altitude and season on leaf characteristics of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae)0 aCombined effects of altitude and season on leaf characteristics   cJan  a69–760 v603 aThe motivation for this study was the assessment of the combined effects of altitude (200, 950 and 1760 m above sea level) and season (April-October) on leaf structural alterations of Clinopodium vulgare. Raising elevation resulted in a progressive decrease of plant height. As concerns leaf area, low-altitude plants exhibited the highest values earlier in the seasonal gradient than mid- and high-altitude plants. High-altitude plants had thicker leaves than low-altitude plants, only at the beginning of summer. Expanded leaves in August and October plants at 200 m elevation contained dark phenolics, mainly in their mesophyll cells. In mid- and high-altitude plants, leaves were devoid of phenolics during their whole growing period. Leaf stomata were found to increase in density from the lowland to the upland habitats. In addition, on leaves of high-altitude plants, stomata became more numerous from spring to autumn. Glandular hairs were present in low densities, only on the abaxial leaf surface. Non-glandular hairs were denser in the leaves of the 200 m population, which were more hairy on their abaxial side. After August, leaves of 1760 m had smaller chloroplasts with fewer or no starch grains (in October). Chlorophyll a content significantly increased in October leaves at 200 m, but at the same time at 950 and 1760 m it became reduced. F-v/F-m was steadily low in 1760 m leaves, whereas in 950 m leaves (until August) and 200 m leaves (after August) it exhibited the highest values. Principal component analysis revealed that the three-altitudinal populations were distinguished from each other, except for the 200 m plants at the beginning of their development which belonged to the 950 m group. The above results support the suggestion that during summer, the mid-altitude plants grow under more favourable conditions, while after summer, the low-altitude plants appear to operate better. Our results when associated with relevant phytochemical studies could provide a ground for selection of the appropriate plant material for pharmaceutical purposes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAlpine Plants10aAltitude10aAnatomy10aChlorophyll Fluorescence10aClinopodium Vulgare10aEnvironments10aGeum-Urbanum L10aGrowth10aLeaf Structure10aPhenolics10aPhotosynthesis10aRespiration10aRivale L10aSeason10aStomatal Density10aStress1 aKofidis, George1 aBosabalidis, Artemios, M1 aMoustakas, Michael  uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T66-4KNKBX6-1&_user=2139813&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000054276&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2139813&md5=026690315c66b1ca28e35af5385f9a4702522nas a2200313   4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260000800173300001600181490000700197520162900204653001001833653001601843653001301859653001901872653001501891653001101906653002001917653001901937653001101956653002001967653003801987653001402025653001902039653002002058100001302078700001302091856010402104       2001                        eng d00aAntioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs0 aAntioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs  cJan  a5165–51700 v493 aThe antioxidant capacities (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic contents in extracts of 27 culinary herbs and 12 medicinal herbs were determined. The ORAC values and total phenolic contents for the medicinal herbs ranged from 1.88 to 22.30 mu mol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh weight and 0.23 to 2.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of fresh weight, respectively. Origanum x majoricum, O. vulgare ssp. hirtum, and Poliomintha longiflora have higher ORAC and phenolic contents as compared to other culinary herbs. The ORAC values and total phenolic content for the culinary herbs ranged from 2.35 to 92.18 mu mol of TE/g of fresh weight and 0.26 to 17.51 mg of GAE/g of fresh weight, respectively. These also were much higher than values found in the medicinal herbs. The medicinal herbs with the highest ORAC values were Catharanthus roseus, Thymus vulgaris, Hypericum perforatum, and Artemisia annua. A linear relationship existed between ORAC values and total phenolic contents of the medicinal herbs (R = 0.919) and culinary herbs (R = 0.986). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in selected herbs. Among the identified phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum x majoricum, and P. longiflora, whereas quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 2)-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 6)-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 2)-rhamnosyl-(1 –> 6)-glucoside were predominant phenolic compounds in Ginkgo biloba leaves.10aAcids10aAntioxidant10aCapacity10aCulinary Herbs10aFlavonoids10aFruits10aGinkgo-Biloba L10aIdentification10aLeaves10aMedicinal Herbs10aPerformance Liquid-Chromatography10aPhenolics10aPlant-Extracts10aThymus-Vulgaris1 aZheng, W1 aWang, SY  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/antioxidant-activity-and-phenolic-compounds-selected-herbs