01717nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260001300285300001100298490000700309520088200316100001801198700001801216700002601234700002401260700003001284700002601314700002101340856013801361 2015 eng d a1095-951300aMolecular phylogenetics of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in the Canary Islands, diversification and inter-island colonization patterns inferred from nuclear genes.0 aMolecular phylogenetics of Micromeria Lamiaceae in the Canary Is c2015 Aug a160-700 v893 a

Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of Micromeria in the Canary Islands using eight nuclear markers. Our results show two centers of diversification for Micromeria, one in the eastern islands Gran Canaria and Lanzarote, the other in the western islands, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. Suggested directions of inter-island colonization are the following: Gran Canaria to Lanzarote and La Gomera; Tenerife to La Palma (from the paleoisland of Teno), to El Hierro (from the younger, central part), and to La Gomera and Madeira (from the paleoislands). Colonization of La Gomera probably occurred several times from Gran Canaria and Tenerife. The taxonomic implications of these results are discussed. Incongruence among the different markers was evaluated and, using next generation sequencing, we investigated if this incongruence is due to gene duplication.

1 aPuppo, Pamela1 aCurto, Manuel1 aGusmão-Guedes, Joana1 aCochofel, Jaqueline1 ade Paz, Pedro, Luis Pére1 aBräuchler, Christian1 aMeimberg, Harald uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/molecular-phylogenetics-micromeria-lamiaceae-canary-islands-diversification-and-inter-island03755nas a2200265 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000800244300001400252490000700266520271500273653001602988653002403004653001703028653001503045653002303060653001503083653002603098653001603124653003203140653002003172653001703192100002003209856026003229 2008 eng d00aAntioxidant Activity of Extracts and Different Solvent Fractions of Glechoma hederacea L. and Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) Kudo0 aAntioxidant Activity of Extracts and Different Solvent Fractions cJan a615–6240 v173 aBackground. Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular medicinal plant from tropical Asia consumed in the form of infusions. Glechoma hederacea, once popular as a medicinal plant and as a bitter beer supplement, is a ubiquitous weed growing wild in moderate climates of Eurasia. Both plants belong to the Nepetoideae subfamily and are rich in phenolic antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity can contribute to their traditional uses in phytotherapy as well as to their preventive value in degenerative and life-style diseases.Objectives. Two medicinal Lamiaceae species were chosen to test their antioxidant potential using three complementary assays. Preliminary screening for total polyphenols and phenolic acids was also performed to find correlations with the activity. Fractionation of the crude extract was carried out to reveal the contributions of compounds of different polarity to total antioxidant status. Interspecific variation was also analyzed.Material and Methods. Aqueous methanol extracts were prepared by reflux extraction from Orthosiphonis folium and Glechomae herba. The extracts were fractionated using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (BuOH). All extracts and fractions were studied for their antioxidant activity using spectrophotometric assays: DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and deoxyribose degradation assay. Polyphenol content was studied by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, Arnow reaction, and Lopez-Arnaldos assay.Results. Predictably, both species possess remarkable antioxidant capacity, but the relative differences between the species and fractions depended on the applied assay. Varying correlation of total polyphenol content and the amounts of various chemical classes of polyphenols was also observed depending on the mechanism of antioxidant testing. In O. stamineus, partitioning the crude extract led to distribution of the initially very high activity among the DCM, EA, and butanol fractions, whereas in G. hederacea the moderate activity of the methanol extract was greatly enhanced in the EA and butanol fractions, which were the strongest in all assays.Conclusions. These plants can provide efficient antioxidant protection by complementary mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction. However, Orthosiphonis herba is more effective as an integral extract due to the synergistic action of its components, while Glechomae herba needs fortification by fractioning the crude extract into polar solvents to increase the proportion of rosmarinic acid, the most active agent in this herb (Adv Clin Exp Med 2008, 17, 6, 615-624).10aAntioxidant10aBiological-Activity10aConstituents10aFlavonoids10aGlechoma Hederacea10aGlycosides10aOrthosiphon Stamineus10aPolyphenols10aRadical-Scavenging Activity10aRosmarinic Acid10aWhole Plants1 aMatkowski, Adam uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000263690700004&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02248nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260000800261300001200269490000700281520140900288653002901697653003501726653002101761653000901782100001501791856026001806 1996 eng d00aExperimental translocation of the endangered shrub Apalachicola rosemary Conradina glabra to the Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve, Florida0 aExperimental translocation of the endangered shrub Apalachicola  cJan a19–260 v773 a

Apalachicola rosemary Conradina glabra Shinners is an endangered woody mint, endemic to the northwestern portion of Liberty County, Florida, USA. Because the few remaining populations of this species ave on private silvicultural lands and subject to disturbance, C. glabra was reintroduced within its original range onto The Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ratlines Preserve. Forty-eight plots of nine rooted cuttings were planted in each of three sites at the preserve in 1991. All above-ground herbaceous and small woody vegetation was clipped monthly during the growing season around 24 of the plots at each site in 1991 and 1992. Removal of competition resulted in significantly taller plants with move branches and flowers than in control plots across all sites. By the end of the second growing season, however, treatment effects diminished Survival of planted cuttings was 94%, but was reduced by the prescribed fire management applied to two of the sites. Roughly 25% of the plants which had 50-100% tissue scorch in the fires resprouted. Seedling establishment was highest in the burned sites, and almost entirely limited to clipped plots. Evaluation of the success of this translocation effort will require long-term monitoring of these C. glabra populations and some reduction of fuel around plants prior to prescribed burning. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

10aAbove-Ground Competition10aConradina Glabra Translocation10aEndangered Plant10aFire1 aGordon, DR uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=A1996UP45500003&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02174nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001400200490000700214520166300221100001601884700002001900856012001920 2012 eng d00aPhylogenetics, biogeography, and staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)0 aPhylogenetics biogeography and staminal evolution in the tribe M a933–9530 v993 a

Premise of the study: The mint family (Lamiaceae) is the sixth largest family of flowering plants, with the tribe Mentheae containing about a third of the species. We present a detailed perspective on the evolution of the tribe Mentheae based on a phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA that is the most comprehensive to date, a biogeographic set of analyses using a fossil-calibrated chronogram, and an examination of staminal evolution. Methods: Data from four cpDNA and two nrDNA markers representing all extant genera within the tribe Mentheae were analyzed using the programs BEAST, Lagrange, S-DIVA, and BayesTraits. BEAST was used to simultaneously estimate phylog- eny and divergence times, Lagrange and S-DIVA were used for biogeographical reconstruction, and BayesTraits was used to infer staminal evolution within the tribe. Key results: Currently accepted subtribal delimitations are shown to be invalid and are updated. The Mentheae and all five of its subtribes have a Mediterranean origin and have dispersed to the New World multiple times. The vast majority of New World species of subtribe Menthinae are the product of a single dispersal event in the mid-late Miocene. At least four transitions from four stamens to two stamens have occurred within Mentheae, once in the subtribe Salviinae, once in the subtribe Lycopinae, and at least twice in the subtribe Menthinae. Conclusions: Worldwide cooling trends probably played a large role in the diversification and present day distribution of the tribe Mentheae. Additional work is needed to ascertain relationships within some Mentheae genera, especially in the subtribe Menthinae.

1 aDrew, Bryan1 aSytsma, Kenneth uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetics-biogeography-and-staminal-evolution-tribe-mentheae-lamiaceae01867nas a2200277 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102260000800163300001400171490000700185520090600192653002601098653002701124653001401151653001501165653001801180653002301198653003401221653001101255653001201266653001501278100001201293700001201305700001201317856026001329 2000 eng d00aConstituents of the whole herb of Clinoponium laxiflorum0 aConstituents of the whole herb of Clinoponium laxiflorum cJan a241–2460 v473 aThe isolation and identification of twenty-two components (including one new compound) from the whole herb of Clinoponium laxiflorum (Hay) Matsum (Labiatae) are described. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical transformation. One new compound is methyl rosmarinate. The other twenty-one compounds include three steroids (alpha-spinasterol, alpha-spinasteryl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and beta-sitosteryl-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside), three triterpenes (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and betulinic acid), nine flavonoids (didymin, apigenin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside, isosakuranetin, narigenin, apigenin, luteolin, narirutin, and hesperidin), three lignolic acids (rosmarinic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, and caffeic acid), and three phenols (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).10aChemical-Constituents10aClinopodium Laxiflorum10aFlavonoid10aFlavonoids10aLignolic Acid10aMethyl Rosmarinate10aOccurring Terpene Derivatives10aPhenol10aSteroid10aTriterpene1 aKuo, YH1 aLee, SM1 aLai, JS uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000085946500028&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image01499nas a2200325 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260000800206300001400214490000800228520039800236653001600634653001100650653001300661653001400674653001600688653001400704653001500718653002100733653001800754653002500772653002800797653001200825653001900837100002100856700002100877700001600898700001900914856024000933 2008 eng d00aComparative pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Mentheae subtribe Nepetinae (Lamiaceae)0 aComparative pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Mentheae sub cJan a174–1860 v1493 a{This study provides new pollen data of 52 representative species belonging to all 12 genera in the currently classification of the subtribe Nepetinae, and considers the possible presence of orbicules for the first time. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure were investigated with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Nepetinae pollen is small to large (P= 16-65 mu m10aAngiosperms10aGrains10aLabiatae10aNepetinae10aNepetoideae10aOrbicules10aPalynology10aSalvia Lamiaceae10aSequence Data10aSexine Ornamentation10aSystematic Implications10aTapetum10aUltrastructure1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aVinckier, Stefan1 aSmets, Erik1 aHuysmans, Suzy uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-4RC2NRJ-2&_user=2139813&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000054276&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2139813&md5=176fca009343bce3d0330d25969d0f7501955nas a2200313 4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260000800180300001400188490000800202520091700210653001201127653001601139653001301155653001301168653001401181653001501195653001601210653001601226653001301242653001301255653000801268653001301276100002601289700002201315700002401337700002001361856026001381 2008 eng d00aKillickia (Lamiaceae): a new genus from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa0 aKillickia Lamiaceae a new genus from KwaZuluNatal South Africa cJan a575–5860 v1573 aThe genus Killickia is described to accommodate the South African endemic species formerly placed in Micromeria sect. Hesperothymus. Morphological data, as well as results from unpublished phylogenetic studies support its separation from the genera Micromeria and Clinopodium. A new species Killickia lutea Brauchler is described and three new combinations are made. Killickia is characterised as comprising solitary- or few-flowered cymes, a campanulate to subcampanulate (obconical) calyx with similar teeth, a corolla tube with two pubescent ridges and nutlets with scattered minute hairs. A thickened marginal vein in the leaves as typical for Micromeria is absent. As currently understood all species are restricted to the Drakensberg mountains and KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in eastern South Africa. A key to the species, brief notes on anatomy and ecology are provided. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.10aAnatomy10aClinopodium10aLabiatae10aMentheae10aMenthinae10aMicromeria10aNepetoideae10aNew Species10aRevision10aSatureja10aSem10aTaxonomy1 aBraeuchler, Christian1 aDoroszenko, Anton1 aEsser, Hans-Joachim1 aHeubl, Guenther uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000257717600013&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02657nas a2200325 4500008004100000245016800041210006900209260000800278300001400286490000800300520151200308653002401820653003801844653002201882653002801904653002401932653002101956653001401977653003401991653001302025653001302038100001702051700003202068700001802100700001902118700001502137700002202152700002002174856013702194 2004 eng d00aThe biochemical and molecular basis for the divergent patterns in the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenylpropenes in the peltate glands of three cultivars of basil0 abiochemical and molecular basis for the divergent patterns in th cNov a3724–360 v1363 aSurface glandular trichomes distributed throughout the aerial parts of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) produce and store monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and phenylpropene volatiles. Three distinct basil chemotypes were used to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence in their monoterpene and sesquiterpene content. The relative levels of specific terpenes in the glandular trichomes of each cultivar were correlated with the levels of transcripts for eight genes encoding distinct terpene synthases. In a cultivar that produces mostly (R)-linalool, transcripts of (R)-linalool synthase (LIS) were the most abundant of these eight. In a cultivar that synthesizes mostly geraniol, transcripts of geraniol synthase were the most abundant, but the glands of this cultivar also contained a transcript of an (R)-LIS gene with a 1-base insertion that caused a frameshift mutation. A geraniol synthase-LIS hybrid gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein catalyzed the formation of both geraniol and (R)-linalool from geranyl diphosphate. The total amounts of terpenes were correlated with total levels of terpene synthase activities, and negatively correlated with levels of phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. The relative levels of geranyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase activities did not correlate with the total amount of terpenes produced, but showed some correlation with the ratio of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes.10aAmino Acid Sequence10aGene Expression Regulation: Plant10aGenetic Variation10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Structure10aOcimum basilicum10aPhylogeny10aSequence Homology: Amino Acid10aStyrenes10aTerpenes1 aIijima, Yoko1 aDavidovich-Rikanati, Rachel1 aFridman, Eyal1 aGang, David, R1 aBar, Einat1 aLewinsohn, Efraim1 aPichersky, Eran uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/biochemical-and-molecular-basis-divergent-patterns-biosynthesis-terpenes-and-phenylpropenes01809nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187300001300195490000800208520115800216653002501374653002201399653001201421653000901433653001401442100002101456700001801477856010801495 2006 eng d00aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae: Mentheae)0 aNutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus Lamiaceae Men cNov a633–440 v1193 aNutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 16 species in the genus Lycopus were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The nutlets of all taxa in the genus Lycopus are well adapted to typical hydrochory (or nautochory) with an air-filled pericarp, and myxocarpy was not at all found. It is noteworthy that the nutlet morphology (in particular the shape of corky crests and corky ring and the distribution of glandular trichomes) and pericarp anatomy of Lycopus are unique and are well distinguished from the other genera in the tribe Mentheae. We also found some groups of the species within the genus Lycopus by the present nutlet morphological and anatomical data that appear to be useful as diagnostic characteristics for delineation purposes at the specific/interspecific levels. The earlier infrageneric classification for the genus Lycopus is, however, not well supported by the present results. In addition, the systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics investigated are briefly discussed.10aEvolution: Molecular10aGenetic Variation10aLycopus10aNuts10aPhylogeny1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aHong, Suk-Pyo uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/nutlet-morphology-and-anatomy-genus-lycopus-lamiaceae-mentheae01985nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260000800196300001400204490000600218520130000224653001601524653001201540100001501552856026001567 1998 eng d00aNew names in Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) and allied genera from the Ethiopian region0 aNew names in Plectranthus Lamiaceae and allied genera from the E cJan a265–2660 v83 aThe following new combinations are made: Plectranthus burorum (Chiovenda) J. K. Morton based on Coleus burorum Chiovenda, P. garckeanus (Vatke) J. K. Morton based on C. garckeanus Vatke, P. gandicalyx (E. A. Bruce) J. K. Morton based on C. grandicalyx E. A. Bruce, P. kapatensis (R. E. Fries) J. K. Morton based on C. kapatensis R. E. Fries, Isodon, schimperi (Vatke) J. K. Morton based on P. schimperi Vatke, Solenostemon autrani (Briquet) J. K. Morton based on C. autrani Briquet, and S. porpeodon (J. G. Baker) J. K. Morton based on P. porpeodon J. G. Baker. Also two new names are put forward, P. puberulentus J. K. Morton to replace C. gracilis Gurke and P. pseudobarbatus J. K. Morton to replace C. vestitus J. G. Baker.The genus Coleus has been included in Plectranthus by most recent workers (e.g., Adams, 1972; Agnew, 1974; Codd, 1975; Brummitt, 1992) following the proposals of the present author (Morton, 1962). Also Solenostemon, and Isodon are regarded as separate genera, distinct from Plectranthus (Morton, 1962; Codd, 1975; Li, 1988; Ryding, 1992, 1993). As part of a revision of the Ethiopian species in this group of genera, several new names and combinations are needed in order to bring the account into line with current generic concepts. The following changes are proposed.10aNepetoideae10aOcimeae1 aMorton, JK uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000076022100016&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02269nas a2200361 4500008004100000245013300041210006900174260000800243300001300251490000800264520122500272653001601497653001601513653002401529653001301553653001301566653001401579653001601593653001401609653001501623653001401638653002201652653002101674653001801695653002801713653001201741653001901753100002101772700002101793700001601814700001901830856005801849 2008 eng d00aPalynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)0 aPalynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with cJan a93–1080 v2753 aThe pollen morphology of subtribe Menthinae sensu Harley et al. [In: The families and genera of vascular plants VII. Flowering plants.dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, pp 167-275, 2004] and two genera of uncertain subtribal affinities (Heterolamium and Melissa) are documented in order to complete our palynological overview of the tribe Mentheae. Menthinae pollen is small to medium in size (13-43 mu m), oblate to prolate in shape and mostly hexacolpate (sometimes pentacolpate). Perforate, microreticulate or bireticulate exine ornamentation types were observed. The exine ornamentation of Menthinae is systematically highly informative particularly at generic level. The exine stratification in all taxa studied is characterized by unbranched columellae. Orbicules are consistently absent in Menthinae. Our palynological data are interpreted in a phylogenetic context at tribal level in order to assess the systematic value of pollen characters and to evaluate the existing molecular phylogenies for this group. Pollen morphology suggests Heterolamium as a close relative of subtribe Nepetinae and supports the molecular affinity of Melissa to subtribe Salviinae.10aAngiosperms10aBireticulum10aExine Ornamentation10aLabiatae10aMentheae10aMenthinae10aNepetoideae10aOrbicules10aPalynology10aPhylogeny10aPollen Morphology10aSalvia Lamiaceae10aSequence Data10aSystematic Implications10aTapetum10aUltrastructure1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aVinckier, Stefan1 aSmets, Erik1 aHuysmans, Suzy uhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/r53652ggm17k1457/01365nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260000800185300001400193490000700207520079600214653001601010653000901026653001401035653001601049653001701065653001301082100001401095856005001109 2008 eng d00aA New Combination in Clinopodium (Lamiaceae) from Mesoamerica and Cuba0 aNew Combination in Clinopodium Lamiaceae from Mesoamerica and Cu cJan a508–5100 v183 aMicromeria brownei var. ludens Shinners is recognized at the rank os species and transferred to Clinopodium L. Shinners distinguished variety ludens from other M. brownei (Swartz) Bentham based on its "hispid-ciliate" calyx teeth. While this character seems to be variable over the entire geographic range of C. brownei (Swartz) Kuntze, C. ludens (Shinners) A. Pool is unique in possessing narrowly ellipsoid nutlets, which are apically rostrate, supporting its recognition at the species level. The generic transfer from Micromeria Bentham to Clinopodium follows the molecular and morphological studies of Cantino and Wagstaff. Clinopodium ludens is currently know from Pinar del Rio Province of Cuba, the Yucatan and Quintana Roo states of Mexico, and the Atlantida Department of Honduras.10aClinopodium10aCuba10aLamiaceae10aMesoamerica10aMicroamerica10aSatureja1 aPool, Amy uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3417/200513900675nas a2200217 4500008004100000245007100041210006400112260000800176300001400184490000800198520006100206653002300267653002000290653001300310653002000323653001200343653001300355100002000368700002000388856004900408 2013 eng d00aThe complete chloroplast genome of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)0 acomplete chloroplast genome of Origanum vulgare L Lamiaceae cOct a163–1690 v5283 aGene, 528 (2013) 163-169. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.02610aChloroplast genome10aInverted repeat10aLamiales10aMicrosatellites10aOregano10aOriganum1 aLukas, Brigitte1 aNovak, Johannes uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.02603693nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011100041210007100152300001400223490000700237520294500244653002603189653001403215653001403229653002403243653001303267100002603280700002103306700002003327856014003347 2010 eng d00aMolecular phylogeny of Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae)–taxonomy, biogeography and conflicts0 aMolecular phylogeny of Menthinae Lamiaceae Nepetoideae Mentheae– a501–5230 v553 aAlthough the subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) is considered to be monophyletic, relationships between tribes, subtribes and genera within the subfamily are poorly understood as complex and possi- bly homoplasious morphological characters make taxa difficult to delimit. DNA sequence data from three regions (chloroplast: trnK intron; trnL-F; nuclear: ITS) in total including 278 accessions, representing 38 out of 40 genera of subtribe Menthinae and 11 outgroup genera, were used to reconstruct the evolution- ary history, test previous hypotheses of classification, explain biogeographic patterns and elucidate char- acter evolution. Using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data were incongruent, consequently the data were analyzed separately. Both nuclear and chloroplast datasets provide strong support for three major lineages: the ``Satureja'', ``Micromeria'' and ``Clinopodium'' group. The first contains members of Satureja and Gontscharovia. In the second lineage Micromeria s.str. and Origanum were resolved as monophyletic, Pentapleura and Zataria indicated as sister groups. Thymbra includes two species of Satureja turning the latter genus polyphyletic. Thymus is revealed as paraphyletic with respect to Argantoniella and Saccocalyx in both and Origanum in the plastid dataset only. In the third lineage, the Clinopodium-group, branching pattern is highly incon- gruent among datasets and possibly influenced by recent and ancient hybridization, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. However, identical terminal groups are inferred in both analyses. A Madagascan lineage of ``Micromeria'', sister to the recently described South African Killickia, is suggested to represent a new genus. The Himalayan Clinopodium nepalense group and the tropical African C. abyssinicum alliance are monophyletic but indicated in different positions. Both groups appear in the ITS phylogeny in a clade with Cyclotrichium and Mentha, relationships not suggested previously. The enig- matic Micromeria cymuligera is close to Mentha and possibly is a representative of this genus. Species of Acinos, now regarded as part of Clinopodium, are mixed up with species of Ziziphora, questioning either the inclusion of Acinos in Clinopodium or generic distinctness of Ziziphora. All data sets suggest a mono- phyly of the New World taxa and argue for long distance dispersal from the Old World, rather than a vicariance explanation. Bystropogon marks the split up between the two lineages. Inclusion of 22 genera intermixed with Clinopodium spp. in the New World clade provides evidence that the current circum- scription of the genus is highly unnatural. Low sequence divergence resulting in low phylogenetic reso- lution especially at the base of the clade indicate a rapid radiation accompanied by considerable ecological diversification and speciation.10aGeneric delimitations10aLamiaceae10aMenthinae10aMolecular phylogeny10aSatureja1 aBräuchler, Christian1 aMeimberg, Harald1 aHeubl, Günther uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/molecular-phylogeny-menthinae-lamiaceae-nepetoideae-mentheae%E2%80%93taxonomy-biogeography-and01402nas a2200229 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260000800225300001400233490000600247520069200253653001400945653001700959653001800976653001400994653002001008653002301028100001901051700001801070700001801088856006601106 2008 eng d00aIsolation, characterization and cross-species amplifications of microsatellite loci from Conradina (Lamiaceae)0 aIsolation characterization and crossspecies amplifications of mi cJan a363–3660 v83 aWe report the isolation of microsatellite loci from three species in the genus Conradina (Lamiaceae). To ensure their utility for multiple species, loci were screened for amplification and variability in all six Conradina species; 11 loci demonstrated high levels of amplification and polymorphism in most species. These 11 loci were characterized in 20 individuals from one population of Conradina brevifolia; alleles per locus ranged from five to 15, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.30 to 0.90. These microsatellites will be used to clarify species limits, detect interspecific hybridization, and understand the partitioning of genetic variation in each species of Conradina.10aConradina10aConservation10aHybridization10aLamiaceae10aMicrosatellites10aSpecies Boundaries1 aEdwards, C., E1 aSoltis, D., E1 aSoltis, P., S uhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120090645/abstract02768nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260001300256300001100269490000800280520203400288653002502322653001202347653001402359653001102373100001902384700002302403856013602426 2007 eng d a0305-736400aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever.0 aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia Lamiaceae molecular phylo c2007 Aug a375-910 v1003 a

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented.

METHODS: Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera.

KEY RESULTS: These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.

10aEvolution, Molecular10aFlowers10aPhylogeny10aSalvia1 aWalker, Jay, B1 aSytsma, Kenneth, J uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/staminal-evolution-genus-salvia-lamiaceae-molecular-phylogenetic-evidence-multiple-origins