03108nas a2200301   4500008004100000245005000041210004900091260000800140300001100148490000800159520224900167653001202416653003002428653003102458653001102489653001402500653002902514653000902543653001402552653001702566653001702583653003102600653001802631100002602649700002702675700001902702856008502721       2006                        eng d00aPlectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses0 aPlectranthus a review of ethnobotanical uses  cJan  a1–240 v1033 aPlectranthus is a large and widespread genus with a diversity of ethnobotanical uses. The genus is plagued with numerous nomenclatural disharmonies that make it difficult to collate accurate data on the uses. The aim of this review is to gather together all ethnobotanical information on Plectranthus and to map the data onto the most up-to-date phylogenetic classification in order to see if there are similar uses among related species and hence provide a framework for the prediction and exploration of new uses of species. The uses of 62 species of Plectranthus were mapped onto a current phylogeny based on DNA sequence data. The phylogeny reveals two major Clades, 1 and 2. The members of Clade 1 (corresponding to the formally recognized genus Coleus) were richer in number and diversity of uses than members of Clade 2 (comprising the remaining species of Plectranthus). The high incidence of synonymy can lead to problems in uncovering a species' ethnobotanical profile. About 30% of all citations of Plectranthus use a synonym and most of the synonyms are attributed to 10 of the most used species, 9 of which are in Clade 1. Members of the 'Coleus' Clade are the most studied group both taxonomically and economically. The higher incidence of study may be as a result of the higher diversity of uses and the fact that species in Clade 1, such as Plectranthus barbatus, Plectranthus amboinicus and Plectranthus mollis, are geographically more widespread than those in Clade 2. Plectranthus species in Clade 1 are frequently used as medicines and are used to treat a range of ailments, particularly digestive, skin, infective and respiratory problems. Plectranthus used as foods, flavours, fodder and materials are also mostly found in Clade 1. Monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and phenolics have been reported in species of Plectranthus. The abietane diterpenoids are the most diverse of the diterpenoids isolated from species of Plectranthus. The labdane diterpenoid, forskolin, occurs in Plectranthus barbatus and could explain some of the traditional uses of this species. This review highlights the fact that not enough is known about the chemistry of other species of Plectranthus to explain their traditional uses.10aAnimals10aDigestive System Diseases10aFemale Urogenital Diseases10aHumans10aInfection10aMale Urogenital Diseases10aPain10aPhylogeny10aPhytotherapy10aPlectranthus10aRespiratory Tract Diseases10aSkin Diseases1 aLukhoba, Catherine, W1 aSimmonds, Monique, S J1 aPaton, Alan, J  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/plectranthus-review-ethnobotanical-uses02986nas a2200385   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000800214300001300222490000700235520180100242653001802043653002502061653001502086653002002101653001502121653001202136653001402148653002802162653002102190653001402211653001302225653001102238100001902249700002102268700001902289700001902308700002202327700002402349700001802373700002702391700002202418700002402440856013602464       2004                        eng d00aPhylogeny and evolution of basils and allies (Ocimeae, Labiatae) based on three plastid DNA regions0 aPhylogeny and evolution of basils and allies Ocimeae Labiatae ba  cApr  a277–990 v313 aA phylogeny of basils and allies (Lamiaceae, tribe Ocimeae) based on sequences of the trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergene spacer and rps 16 intron of the plastid genome is presented. Several methods were used to reconstruct phylogenies and to assess statistical support for clades: maximum parsimony with equally and successively weighted characters, bootstrap resampling, and Bayesian inference. The phylogeny is used to investigate the distribution of morphological, pericarp anatomy, chemical, and pollen characters as well as the geographical distribution of the clades. Tribe Ocimeae is monophyletic and easily diagnosable with morphological synapomorphies. There are monophyletic clades within Ocimeae that broadly correspond to currently recognised subtribes: Lavandulinae, Hyptidinae, Ociminae, and Plectranthinae. Only Lavandulinae has clear non-molecular synapomorphies. Several currently recognised genera are not monophyletic. Floral morphology consistent with sternotribic pollination is most common in Ocimeae, but there are independent departures from this model. Buzz pollination is likely in some species, the only postulated occurrence of this within Lamiaceae. Quinone diterpenoids and flavones in the leaf exudates differ in their distributions across the phylogeny and this could contribute to differences in the recorded medicinal as well as pesticidal uses of the species in the different clades. Mapping geographic distribution on to an ultrametric phylogenetic tree produced using non-parametric rate smoothing supports an Asiatic origin for Ocimeae. There are several secondary occurrences in Asia arising from the African Ociminae and Plectranthinae clades. Colonisation of Madagascar occurred at least five times, and New World colonisation occurred at least three times.10aBayes Theorem10aBiological Evolution10aDiterpenes10aDNA: Intergenic10aFlavonoids10aIntrons10aLamiaceae10aMolecular Sequence Data10aOcimum basilicum10aPhylogeny10aPlastids10aPollen1 aPaton, Alan, J1 aSpringate, David1 aSuddee, Somran1 aOtieno, Donald1 aGrayer, Renée, J1 aHarley, Madeline, M1 aWillis, Fiona1 aSimmonds, Monique, S J1 aPowell, Martyn, P1 aSavolainen, Vincent  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/phylogeny-and-evolution-basils-and-allies-ocimeae-labiatae-based-three-plastid-dna-regions