02171nas a2200313   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260000800223300001400231490000800245520128800253653001201541653001101553653001301564653001501577653001401592653001501606653001401621653001401635653002201649653001401671653001601685100002101701700002101722700001901743700001601762700001901778856006001797       2008                        eng d00aA search for phylogenetically informative pollen characters in the subtribe Salviinae (Mentheae : Lamiaceae)0 asearch for phylogenetically informative pollen characters in the  cJan  a455–4710 v1693 aThe pollen morphology and ultrastructure of the subtribe Salviinae were investigated with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, cladistic analyses of the obtained morphological data, supplemented with rbcL data from GenBank, were conducted in order to assess the phylogenetic signal of palynological characters. Salviinae pollen is small to large, oblate to prolate in shape, with a circular to slightly elliptic amb, and mostly hexacolpate. Perovskia abrotanoides appears to be distylous and shows a significant pollen dimorphism between pin and thrum flowers. The sexine ornamentation of the genera Lepechinia and Chaunostoma is perforate, while the ornamentation of other genera is bireticulate. Perovskia expresses a unique type of sexine ornamentation. The sexine ornamentation variation in Salvia has systematic importance but only partly corresponds with current phylogenetic hypotheses. Unbranched columellae and a continuous, granular endexine are hypothesized to be a symplesiomorphic condition in the tribe Mentheae. Our combined phylogenetic analyses show that the addition of palynological characters contributes to improved resolution and also increases bootstrap support values in comparison with molecular phylogenetic analyses.10aDistyly10aGrains10aLabiatae10aMorphology10aOrbicules10aPalynology10aPerovskia10aPhylogeny10aPollen Dimorphism10aSalviinae10aSystematics1 aMoon, Hye-Kyoung1 aVinckier, Stefan1 aWalker, Jay, B1 aSmets, Erik1 aHuysmans, Suzy  uhttp://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/52646302996nas a2200361   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300001400249490000800263520196600271653002002237653001702257653002102274653002402295653001702319653001902336653001302355653001502368653001202383653001302395653001402408653001402422653001402436653001502450653001102465653001402476653002402490653001302514100001902527700002302546856006502569       2007                        eng d00aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever0 aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia Lamiaceae Molecular phylo  cJan  a375–3910 v1003 aBackground and Aims The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented.Methods Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera.Key Results These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus.Conclusions Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.10aDiversification10aDorystaechas10aFloral Evolution10aFloral Nectar Spurs10aIncongruence10aKey Innovation10aLabiatae10aLepechinia10aMelissa10aMentheae10aMeriandra10aPerovskia10aRadiation10aRosmarinus10aSalvia10aSequences10aStaminal Morphology10aZhumeria1 aWalker, Jay, B1 aSytsma, Kenneth, J  uhttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/2/37502598nas a2200193   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300001300249490000800262520197300270653002502243653001202268653001402280653001102294100001902305700002302324856005702347       2007                        eng d00aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever0 aStaminal evolution in the genus Salvia Lamiaceae molecular phylo  cAug  a375–910 v1003 aBACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented. METHODS: Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera. KEY RESULTS: These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.10aEvolution: Molecular10aFlowers10aPhylogeny10aSalvia1 aWalker, Jay, B1 aSytsma, Kenneth, J  uhttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/100/2/375.long