03755nas a2200265   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000800244300001400252490000700266520271500273653001602988653002403004653001703028653001503045653002303060653001503083653002603098653001603124653003203140653002003172653001703192100002003209856026003229       2008                        eng d00aAntioxidant Activity of Extracts and Different Solvent Fractions of Glechoma hederacea L. and Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) Kudo0 aAntioxidant Activity of Extracts and Different Solvent Fractions  cJan  a615–6240 v173 aBackground. Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular medicinal plant from tropical Asia consumed in the form of infusions. Glechoma hederacea, once popular as a medicinal plant and as a bitter beer supplement, is a ubiquitous weed growing wild in moderate climates of Eurasia. Both plants belong to the Nepetoideae subfamily and are rich in phenolic antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity can contribute to their traditional uses in phytotherapy as well as to their preventive value in degenerative and life-style diseases.Objectives. Two medicinal Lamiaceae species were chosen to test their antioxidant potential using three complementary assays. Preliminary screening for total polyphenols and phenolic acids was also performed to find correlations with the activity. Fractionation of the crude extract was carried out to reveal the contributions of compounds of different polarity to total antioxidant status. Interspecific variation was also analyzed.Material and Methods. Aqueous methanol extracts were prepared by reflux extraction from Orthosiphonis folium and Glechomae herba. The extracts were fractionated using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (BuOH). All extracts and fractions were studied for their antioxidant activity using spectrophotometric assays: DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and deoxyribose degradation assay. Polyphenol content was studied by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, Arnow reaction, and Lopez-Arnaldos assay.Results. Predictably, both species possess remarkable antioxidant capacity, but the relative differences between the species and fractions depended on the applied assay. Varying correlation of total polyphenol content and the amounts of various chemical classes of polyphenols was also observed depending on the mechanism of antioxidant testing. In O. stamineus, partitioning the crude extract led to distribution of the initially very high activity among the DCM, EA, and butanol fractions, whereas in G. hederacea the moderate activity of the methanol extract was greatly enhanced in the EA and butanol fractions, which were the strongest in all assays.Conclusions. These plants can provide efficient antioxidant protection by complementary mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction. However, Orthosiphonis herba is more effective as an integral extract due to the synergistic action of its components, while Glechomae herba needs fortification by fractioning the crude extract into polar solvents to increase the proportion of rosmarinic acid, the most active agent in this herb (Adv Clin Exp Med 2008, 17, 6, 615-624).10aAntioxidant10aBiological-Activity10aConstituents10aFlavonoids10aGlechoma Hederacea10aGlycosides10aOrthosiphon Stamineus10aPolyphenols10aRadical-Scavenging Activity10aRosmarinic Acid10aWhole Plants1 aMatkowski, Adam  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000263690700004&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02147nas a2200277   4500008004100000245004400041210004200085260000800127300001400135490000700149520121800156653001601374653001701390653001701407653002301424653002901447653001801476653001101494653001401505653001201519653002401531653002001555100001601575700001801591856026001609       2003                        eng d00aMolecules of interest - Rosmarinic acid0 aMolecules of interest Rosmarinic acid  cJan  a121–1250 v623 aRosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. However, it is also found in species of other higher plant families and in some fern and hornwort species. Rosmarinic acid has a number of interesting biological activities, e.g. antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant. The presence of rosmarinic acid in medicinal plants, herbs and spices has beneficial and health promoting effects. In plants, rosmarinic acid is supposed to act as a preformed constitutively accumulated defence compound. The biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid starts with the amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. All eight enzymes involved in the biosynthesis are known and characterised and cDNAs of several of the involved genes have been isolated. Plant cell cultures, e.g. from Coleus blumei or Salvia officinalis, accumulate rosmarinic acid in amounts much higher than in the plant itself (up to 36% of the cell dry weight). For this reason a biotechnological production of rosmarinic acid with plant cell cultures has been proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.10aAntioxidant10aBiosynthesis10aBoraginaceae10aCafeic Acid Esters10aCell-Suspension Cultures10aColeus-Blumei10aGrowth10aLamiaceae10aPathway10aPlant Cell Cultures10aRosmarinic Acid1 aPetersen, M1 aSimmonds, MSJ  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000180951600001&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02789nas a2200349   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000800211300001400219490000700233520154900240653001001789653002301799653000601822653004801828653002201876653001701898653001801915653000801933653001701941653001801958653001801976653005101994653002302045653002002068653002702088100001602115700001702131700001502148700001602163856026002179       2001                        eng d00aPhenolics in Moroccan medicinal plant species as studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy0 aPhenolics in Moroccan medicinal plant species as studied by elec  cJan  a391–3980 v393 aA chemical survey of 49 Moroccan medicinal plant species comprising 45 genera of 27 families was performed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides were especially evident as strong chemotaxonomic markers for the subfamily Lamioideae of the Lamiaceae, being observed in Marrubium vulgare, Aloysia triphylla and possibly recorded here for the first time in Oxyris quadripartita (Santalaceae). Chlorogenic acid was observed in Artemisia herba-alba but not in A. absinthium or in two other Asteraceae species. Rosmarinic acid was observed in Mentha spicata, Nepeta apulaei, Nepeta sp., Thymus maroccanus and T saturoides, all belonging to subfamily Nepetoideae of Lamiaceae. However, the acid was not observed in four other species of the subfamily. Thymoquinol was observed in Curcubita pepo, Crotalaria saharae, Nigella sativa (seed) and Piper longum but not in P Cubeba. The compound was also found in Thymus maroccanus but not in T saturoides. A strong signal of lawsone was observed with Lawsonia inermis. A naphthohydroquinone of unknown structure as well as juglone were observed from the stem bark of Juglans regia. Protocatechuic and caffeic acids were observed in the seeds of Ricinus communis, Aloysia triphylla and in Nepeta sp. Gallic acid and/or its esters were observed in six species of six families and often observed together, e.g., in the leaves of Euphorbia falcata. 6-Hydroxydopamine was identified in Piper long-uni. No ESR detectable phenolics were observed in nearly 20 species.10a(E.G.10a27 Families) (E.G.10a310a4-Dihydroxyphenylethanoid Glycosides) (E.G.10a6-Hydroxydopamine10aCaffeic Acid10aChemotaxonomy10aEsr10aGallic Acid)10aJuglandaceae)10aJuglans Regia10aMoroccan Medicinal Plant Species (45 Genera Of10aPhenolic Compounds10aRosmarinic Acid10aTaxonomic Implications1 aMouhajir, F1 aPedersen, JA1 aRejdali, M1 aTowers, GHN  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000172801000014&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image01565nas a2200265   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000800199300001400207490000700221520059600228653001700824653001800841653001700859653001300876653001400889653002000903653002500923653002600948100001600974700001300990700002101003700001501024856026001039       1999                        eng d00aComparative studies of the rosmarinic and caffeic acid contents of Lamiaceae species0 aComparative studies of the rosmarinic and caffeic acid contents   cJan  a733–7380 v273 aThe rosmarinic and caffeic acid contents of 96 Lamiaceae taxa (20 genera, 76 species, 8 subspecies, 9 varieties, 3 hybrids) were investigated using a TLC-densitometric method. Rosmarinic acid was present in all species of the subfamily Nepetoideae, but was absent from those in the subfamily Lamioideae. However, with the exception of 3 Lamioideae species, caffeic acid was found in measurable quantities in all taxa studied. The rosmarinic acid content ranged from 0.01 to 9.30 mg/g, while that of caffeic acid varied from 0 to 0.62 mg/g. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.10aCaffeic Acid10aChemotaxonomy10aDensitometry10aLabiatae10aLamiaceae10aRosmarinic Acid10aSubfamily Lamioideae10aSubfamily Nepetoideae1 aJanicsak, G1 aMathe, I1 aMiklossy-Vari, V1 aBlunden, G  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000080620000006&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image02375nas a2200349   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260000800184300001600192490000600208520128900214653002801503653002401531653001801555653002901573653002401602653002401626653002501650653002101675653002101696653002901717653002301746653001001769653002001779653002301799100001901822700002101841700001201862700002201874700002101896856010801917       2008                        eng d00aBiotechnological applications for rosmarinic acid production in plant0 aBiotechnological applications for rosmarinic acid production in   cJan  a4959–49650 v73 aRosmarinic acid, an important phenolic compound, is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. However, it is also found in species of other higher plant families and in some fern and hornwort species. Rosmarinic acid has a number of interesting biological activities, e. g. antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The presence of rosmarinic acid in medicinal plants, herbs and spices has beneficial and health promoting effects. In plants, rosmarinic acid is supposed to act as a preformed constitutively accumulated defence compound. The biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid starts with the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Plant cell cultures, e. g. from Coleus blumei or Salvia officinalis, accumulate rosmarinic acid in amounts much higher than in the plant itself (up to 36% of the cell dry weight). Similarly some other biotechnological researches for production of rosmarinic acid were done in the past i.e. from shoot culture, producing hairy root, using bioreactor, and the treatment of elicitors. As a review paper the aim of this study is to gather all the possible biotechnological ways to produce rosmarinic acid, thus will help the scientists to take action for future study in this discipline.10aAgastache-Rugosa Kuntze10aAnchusa-Officinalis10aBiotechnology10aCell-Suspension Cultures10aColeus-Blumei Cells10aHairy Root Cultures10aHyssopus-Officinalis10aIn Vitro Culture10aOcimum-Basilicum10aOregano Origanum-Vulgare10aPhenolic-Compounds10aPlant10aRosmarinic Acid10aSalvia-Officinalis1 aPark, Sang, Un1 aUddin, Md, Romij1 aXu, Hui1 aKim, Yong, Kyoung1 aLee, Sook, Young  uhttps://lamiaceae.myspecies.info/content/biotechnological-applications-rosmarinic-acid-production-plant01890nas a2200325   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000800195300001400203490000700217520071800224653002500942653001700967653002100984653001301005653001301018653002801031653002301059653001401082653001101096653002001107653002301127653001501150100002901165700002801194700002801222700002001250700003401270856026001304       2008                        eng d00aFree radical scavengers from the Mexican herbal tea "Poleo" (Hedeoma drummondii)0 aFree radical scavengers from the Mexican herbal tea Poleo Hedeom  cJan  a341–3460 v633 aThe aerial parts of the Lamiaceae Hedeonia drummondii (Benth.) are used in Mexico to prepare a herbal tea and by North American Amerindians as a spice. The methanolic extract of the aerial parts exhibited a strong antioxidant effect measured by the scavenging of the free diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Assay-guided fractionation of the crude methanolic extract allowed the identification of three major active constituents, chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acid, as welt as sideritoflavone derivatives and simple phenolics. The TEAC, FRAP, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined. The high content of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid relates to the antioxidant activity of H. drummondii.10aAntioxidant Activity10aCaffeic Acid10aChlorogenic Acid10aDiseases10aExtracts10aFree Radical Scavengers10aHedeoma Drummondii10aLamiaceae10aPlants10aRosmarinic Acid10aSalvia-Officinalis10aVegetables1 aViveros-Valdez, Ezequiel1 aRivas-Morales, Catalina1 aCarranza-Rosales, Pilar1 aMendoza, Sandra1 aSchmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo  uhttp://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Papers&UT=000257377200006&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5&SrcAuth=mekentosj&mode=FullRecord&customersID=mekentosj&DestFail=http%253A%252F%252Faccess.isiproducts.com%252Fcustom_image