@article {Scheen:2008p3207, title = {Molecular phylogenetics of tribe Synandreae, a North American lineage of lamioid mints (Lamiaceae)}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan}, pages = {299{\textendash}314}, abstract = {The five mint genera Brazoria, Macbridea, Physostegia, Synandra and Warnockia (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) are all North American endemics. Together with the monotypic European genus Melittis and the Asian genus Chelonopsis, these taxa have been classified as subtribe Melittidinae. Previous morphological studies have failed to uncover synapomorphic characters for this group. We sequenced the plastid trnL-trnF region and trnS-trnG spacer and the nuclear ribosomal 5S non-transcribed spacer (5S-NTS) to assess phylogenetic relationships within Melittidinae. Standard parsimony and direct optimization (POY) analyses show Melittis, the type genus of the subtribe, as sister to Stachys. Thus, the monophyly of subtribe Melittidinae is not supported either by molecular or morphological data. However, the North American endemics form a monophyletic group that can be recognized as the recircumscribed tribe Synandreae. The molecular relationships among these genera are corroborated by both morphological and cytological data. The expected close relationship between the south-central endemics Warnockia and Brazoria and their sister relationship to the widespread genus Physostegia is confirmed. Nevertheless, most of the North American endemics are restricted to the south-east of the continent. Dispersal westwards and northwards is correlated with an increase in chromosome numbers. No specific Eurasian origin (i.e., transatlantic or transpacific) can be determined, but Synandreae are clearly distinct from the large Stachys clade, and therefore represent a separate migration into North America. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2007.}, keywords = {Amplification, Eastern Asia, Evolution, Intercontinental Biogeography, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Noncoding Chloroplast Dna, Origin, Regions, Subtribe Melittidinae Labiatae, Systematic Implications}, doi = {10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00180.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00180.x/abstract;jsessionid=5ED30F44114BA288929A5E842D09A1DC.d02t01}, author = {Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Charlotte Lindqvist and Carl G Fossdal and Victor A Albert} } @article {Lindqvist:2007p7988, title = {Polyglutamine variation in a flowering time protein correlates with island age in a Hawaiian plant radiation}, journal = {BMC Evol Biol}, volume = {7}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan}, pages = {105}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A controversial topic in evolutionary developmental biology is whether morphological diversification in natural populations can be driven by expansions and contractions of amino acid repeats in proteins. To promote adaptation, selection on protein length variation must overcome deleterious effects of multiple correlated traits (pleiotropy). Thus far, systems that demonstrate this capacity include only ancient or artificial morphological diversifications. The Hawaiian Islands, with their linear geological sequence, present a unique environment to study recent, natural radiations. We have focused our research on the Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae), a large and diverse lineage with paradoxically low genetic variation, in order to test whether a direct relationship between coding-sequence repeat diversity and morphological change can be observed in an actively evolving system. RESULTS: Here we show that in the Hawaiian mints, extensive polyglutamine (CAG codon repeat) polymorphism within a homolog of the pleiotropic flowering time protein and abscisic acid receptor FCA tracks the natural environmental cline of the island chain, consequent with island age, across a period of 5 million years. CAG expansions, perhaps following their natural tendency to elongate, are more frequent in colonists of recently-formed, nutrient-rich islands than in their forebears on older, nutrient-poor islands. Values for several quantitative morphological variables related to reproductive investment, known from Arabidopsis fca mutant studies, weakly though positively correlate with increasing glutamine tract length. Together with protein modeling of FCA, which indicates that longer polyglutamine tracts could induce suboptimally mobile functional domains, we suggest that CAG expansions may form slightly deleterious alleles (with respect to protein function) that become fixed in founder populations. CONCLUSION: In the Hawaiian mint FCA system, we infer that contraction of slightly deleterious CAG repeats occurred because of competition for resources along the natural environmental cline of the island chain. The observed geographical structure of FCA variation and its correlation with morphologies expected from Arabidopsis mutant studies may indicate that developmental pleiotropy played a role in the diversification of the mints. This discovery is important in that it concurs with other suggestions that repetitive amino acid motifs might provide a mechanism for driving morphological evolution, and that variation at such motifs might permit rapid tuning to environmental change.}, keywords = {Alleles, DNA: Plant, Genes: Plant, Hawaii, Mentha, Minisatellite Repeats, Peptides, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, Selection: Genetic, Sequence Homology: Amino Acid, Species Specificity}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-7-105}, author = {Charlotte Lindqvist and Liisa Laakkonen and Victor A Albert} } @article {Bendiksby:2011p3196, title = {An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan}, pages = {471{\textendash}484}, abstract = {Lamioideae comprise the second-largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in Lamioideae phylogenetics, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Here we present a taxonomic update of the subfamily based on earlier published data as well as 71 new DNA extracts from relevant in- and outgroup taxa, and DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions (matK, rps16, trnL intron and trnL-F spacer). The phylogenetic positions of 10 out of 13 previously unplaced small or monotypic Asian lamioid genera and 37 additional lamioid species have been identified, and the classification is updated accordingly. Results from parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods corroborate earlier results, but phylogenetic resolution as well as overall branch support are improved. All newly added genera are assigned to earlier established tribes or the new tribe Paraphlomideae Bendiksby, which includes Ajugoides, Matsumurella and Paraphlomis. Acanthoprasium is resurrected as a genus. Transfer of species is proposed to accommodate the monophyly of two genera (Lamium, Otostegia), whereas ten genera remain non-monophyletic (Ballota s.str., Lagopsis, Leonotis, Leonurus, Leucas, Microtoena, Phlomoides, Sideritis, Stachys, Thuspeinanta). Eriophyton and Stachyopsis have been included in Lamieae, Hypogomphia in Stachydeae, and Loxocalyx in Leonureae. Betonica, Colquhounia, Galeopsis, and Roylea remain unclassified at the tribal level. Lamium chinense and three East Asian Galeobdolon species are transferred to Matsumurella. Sulaimania and four Otostegia species are transferred to Moluccella. Alajja and three Lamium species are transferred to Eriophyton. In total, 14 new combinations are made, one at the rank of subgenus and 13 at the rank of species.}, keywords = {Acanthoprasium, Chloroplast Sequence Datasets, Classification, Dna, Eriophyton, Evolution, Hawaiian Endemic Mints, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Matsumurella, Molecular Phylogenetics, Moluccella, Nuclear, Origin, Paraphlomideae, Pericarp Structure, Sideritis Lamiaceae}, url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=2B\%2540kNem2NICHnHfl3PI\&product=WOS\&UT=000289587100015\&SrcApp=Papers\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_images\%252Fwok5_failed_auth.html\&Init=Yes\&action=retrieve\&SrcAuth=meken}, author = {Mika Bendiksby and Lisbeth Thorbek and Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Charlotte Lindqvist and Olof Ryding} } @article {Scheen:2010p3190, title = {MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS, CHARACTER EVOLUTION, AND SUPRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION OF LAMIOIDEAE (LAMIACEAE)}, journal = {Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden}, volume = {97}, number = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan}, pages = {191{\textendash}217}, abstract = {This paper presents a phylogenetic analysis of Lamiaceae subfam. Lamioideae (including subfamily Pogostemonoideae) based on sequences of the trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, and rps16 intron of the plastid genuine. It is the first analysis that includes all major lamioid and pogostemonoid genera. Monophyly of Lamioideae s.l. (i.e., including Pogostemonoideae) is strongly supported, with Cymaria Benth. as its sister group, and Pogostemonoideae, which sometimes has been recognized as a subfamily, is subsumed in Lamioideae. On the basis of the phylogenetic hypothesis, Lamioideae is divided into nine tribes. Three new tribes are established: Gomphostemmateae Seheen {\&} Lindqvist, Phlomideae Mathiesen, and Leucadeae Scheen {\&} Ryding. The other six tribes are: Pogostemoneae Briq., Synandreae Raf., Staehydeae Dumort., Leonureae Dumort., Limieae Coss. {\&} Germ., and Marrubieae Vis. The genus Betonica L. is reestablished. The results also strongly suggest that the genera Stachys L., Sideritis L., Ballota and Leucas R. Br. are polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The results were used to examine evolution of non-molecular characters.}, keywords = {Character Evolution, Chloroplast Dna, Classification, Eremostachys Bunge, Hawaiian Endemic Mints, Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Molecular Phylogeneties, Morphology, Pericarp Structure, Phlomis L, Pogostemonoideae, Rps16 Intron, Sequence Data, Subtribe Melittidinae Labiatae, Systematic Implications, Verbenaceae}, doi = {10.3417/2007174}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3417/2007174}, author = {Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Mika Bendiksby and Olof Ryding and Cecilie Mathiesen and Victor A Albert and Charlotte Lindqvist} } @article {Salmaki:2013p3485, title = {Molecular phylogeny of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {69}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {Dec}, pages = {535{\textendash}551}, abstract = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69 (2013) 535-551. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024}, keywords = {Eurystachys, Incongruence, nrITS, Paraphyly, Plastid DNA, Stachys}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024}, author = {Yasaman Salmaki and Shahin Zarre and Olof Ryding and Charlotte Lindqvist and Christian Br{\"a}uchler and G{\"u}nther Heubl and Janet Barber and Mika Bendiksby} }