@article {MortezaSemnani:2009p1163,
	title = {The Essential Oil Composition of Clinopodium vulgare L. from Iran},
	journal = {J Essent Oil Res},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {31{\textendash}32},
	abstract = {The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-two components have been identified in the. essential oil of G. vulgare. The major constituents of the essential oil were vulgarone B (24.4\%), santolinyl acetate (10.2\%) and 14-hydroxy-alpha-muurolene (6.0\%).},
	keywords = {Clinopodium Vulgare, Essential Oil Composition, Extracts, Labiatae, Santolinyl Acetate, Vulgarone B},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000264139900010\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {Katayoun Morteza-Semnani and Majid Saeedi and Mohammad Akbarzadeh}
}
@article {Tepe:2007p1165,
	title = {Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium vulgare L},
	journal = {Food Chem},
	volume = {103},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {766{\textendash}770},
	abstract = {This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium vulgare. GC-MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 40 compounds, representing 99.4\% of the oil; thymol (38.9\%), gamma-ter-pinene (29.6\%) and p-cymene (9.1 \%) were the main components. The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assays. In the first case, IC50 value of the C. vulgare essential oil was determined as 63.0 +/- 2.71 mu g/ml. IC50 value of thymol and gamma-terpinene, the major compounds of the oil, was determined as 161 +/- 1.3 mu g/ml and 122 +/- 2.5 mu g/ml, respectively, whereas p-cymene did not show antioxidant activity. In beta-carotene-linoleic acid system, C. vulgare essential oil exhibited 52.3 +/- 1.19\% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. In both systems, antioxidant capacities of BHT, curcurnine and ascorbic acid were also determined in parallel experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Antioxidant Activity, Carvacrol, Clinopodium Vulgare, Essential Oil, Extracts, Model, Systems, Thymol},
	doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6T6R-4M63RWS-7\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=1de01e21e7071a8fbddf0aa0165cf0fe},
	author = {Bektas Tepe and Arzuhan Sihoglu-Tepe and Dimitra Daferera and Moschos Polissiou and Atalay Sokmen}
}
@article {Kofidis:2007p1168,
	title = {Combined effects of altitude and season on leaf characteristics of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae)},
	journal = {Environ Exp Bot},
	volume = {60},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {69{\textendash}76},
	abstract = {The motivation for this study was the assessment of the combined effects of altitude (200, 950 and 1760 m above sea level) and season (April-October) on leaf structural alterations of Clinopodium vulgare. Raising elevation resulted in a progressive decrease of plant height. As concerns leaf area, low-altitude plants exhibited the highest values earlier in the seasonal gradient than mid- and high-altitude plants. High-altitude plants had thicker leaves than low-altitude plants, only at the beginning of summer. Expanded leaves in August and October plants at 200 m elevation contained dark phenolics, mainly in their mesophyll cells. In mid- and high-altitude plants, leaves were devoid of phenolics during their whole growing period. Leaf stomata were found to increase in density from the lowland to the upland habitats. In addition, on leaves of high-altitude plants, stomata became more numerous from spring to autumn. Glandular hairs were present in low densities, only on the abaxial leaf surface. Non-glandular hairs were denser in the leaves of the 200 m population, which were more hairy on their abaxial side. After August, leaves of 1760 m had smaller chloroplasts with fewer or no starch grains (in October). Chlorophyll a content significantly increased in October leaves at 200 m, but at the same time at 950 and 1760 m it became reduced. F-v/F-m was steadily low in 1760 m leaves, whereas in 950 m leaves (until August) and 200 m leaves (after August) it exhibited the highest values. Principal component analysis revealed that the three-altitudinal populations were distinguished from each other, except for the 200 m plants at the beginning of their development which belonged to the 950 m group. The above results support the suggestion that during summer, the mid-altitude plants grow under more favourable conditions, while after summer, the low-altitude plants appear to operate better. Our results when associated with relevant phytochemical studies could provide a ground for selection of the appropriate plant material for pharmaceutical purposes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Alpine Plants, Altitude, Anatomy, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Clinopodium Vulgare, Environments, Geum-Urbanum L, Growth, Leaf Structure, Phenolics, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Rivale L, Season, Stomatal Density, Stress},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.06.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6T66-4KNKBX6-1\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=026690315c66b1ca28e35af5385f9a47},
	author = {George Kofidis and Artemios M Bosabalidis and Michael Moustakas}
}
