@article {Bluma:2009p1144,
	title = {Impact of volatile compounds generated by essential oils on Aspergillus section Flavi growth parameters and aflatoxin accumulation},
	journal = {J Sci Food Agr},
	volume = {89},
	number = {9},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1473{\textendash}1480},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The advantage of essential oils is their bioactivity in the vapour phase, a characteristic that makes them attractive as possible fumigants for stored grain protection. In this study the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of the volatile fractions of five essential oils (EOs) were evaluated by vapour contact on Aspergillus section Flavi isolates.RESULTS: In maize meal extract agar the volatile fractions of Pimpinella anisum L. (anise), Peumus boldus Mol. (boldus), Hedeoma multiflora Benth. (mountain thyme), Lippia turbinata var. integrifolia (Griseb.) (poleo) and Syzygium aromaticum L. (clove) were able to decrease the growth rate and lag phase of aflatoxigenic isolates. Boldus EO showed the best antifungal effect on Aspergillus section Flavi growth rate. In sterilised maize grains, boldus and poleo EOs showed antifungal effects on growth rate and aflatoxin accumulation. The volatile fraction of boldus EO completely inhibited the growth of isolates at water activity (a(w)) levels of 0.955,0.930 and 0.900, while poleo EO showed this effect only at the lower a(w) levels (0.930 and 0.900). All aflatoxigenic isolates showed reduced total aflatoxin accumulation in the presence of boldus EO under all a(w) conditions.CONCLUSION: These findings clearly indicate that the volatile fraction of boldus EO could be used to control aflatoxigenic fungi in stored maize. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry},
	keywords = {Aflatoxins, Antifungal Activity, Argentina, Aspergillus Section Flavi, B-1, Components, Deterioration, Essential Oils, Fungi, Maize Grain, Maize Grains, Pesticide-Residues, Products, Vegetables, Volatile Fractions},
	doi = {10.1002/jsfa.3611},
	url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122370163/abstract},
	author = {Romina Bluma and Maria F Landa and Miriam Etcheverry}
}
@article {Bluma:2008p1142,
	title = {Application of essential oils in maize grain: Impact on Aspergillus section Flavi growth parameters and aflatoxin accumulation},
	journal = {Food Microbiol},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {324{\textendash}334},
	abstract = {The antifungal activity of Pimpinella anisum L. (anise), Peumus boldus Mol (boldus), Hedeoma multiflora Benth (mountain thyme), Syzygium aromaticum L. (clove), and Lippia turbinate var. integrifolia (griseb) (poleo) essential oils (EOs) against Aspergillus section Flavi was evaluated in sterile maize grain under different water activity (a(w)) condition (0.982, 0.955, and 0.90). The effect of EOs added to maize grains on growth rate, lag phase, and aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) accumulation of Aspergillus section Flavi were evaluated at different water activity conditions. The five EOs analyzed have been shown to influence lag phase and growth rate. Their efficacy depended mainly on the essential oil concentrations and substrate water activity conditions. All EOs showed significant impact on AFB(1) accumulation. This effect was closely dependent on the water activity, concentration, and incubation periods. Important reduction of AFB(1) accumulation was observed in the majority of EO treatments at 11 days of incubation. Boldus, poleo, and mountain thyme EO completely inhibited AFB(1) at 2000 and 3000 mu g g(-1). Inhibition of AFB(1) accumulation was also observed when aflatoxigenic isolates grew with different concentration of EOs during 35 days. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Aflatoxin B-1, Aspergillus Section Flavi, B-1, Chemical-Composition, Corn, Essential Oils, Field Maize, Fungi, Growing Wild, Maize Grain, Molecular-Biology, Oregano Essential Oil, Plant Essential Oils, Vitro Antimicrobial Activity},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fm.2007.10.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6WFP-4PV2RX7-1\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=168e578f163ed7acac18253bba58ec0f},
	author = {Romina V Bluma and Miriam G Etcheverry}
}
@article {Katsiotis:2009p1110,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships in Origanum spp. based on rDNA sequences and intra-genetic variation of Greek O. vulgare subsp hirtum revealed by RAPD},
	journal = {Sci Hortic-Amsterdam},
	volume = {121},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103{\textendash}108},
	abstract = {Origanum species are among the most widely spread herbs in the Mediterranean basin. Eventhough they are used as a spice, evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolution has only recently drawn attention. In order to study phylogenetic relationships, 14 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 clones belonging to the most common Origanum species were sequenced and a parsimony tree was constructed, using the approximate likelihood ratio test. All Origanum species were clearly separated from allied genera of the Mentheae tribe while a clear distinction between the Greek and the Spanish accessions was revealed. In addition the germplasm variability of the most common Greek oregano (O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) was investigated using the RAPD markers. The use of 10 random decamers resulted in 133 unambiguous and reproducible bands detected across 27 entries. Two main groups were identified by the UPGMA clustering using Jaccard{\textquoteright}s similarity coefficient, and major genetic dissimilarities among Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations and O. onites/O. virens species were detected. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic variability is distributed mainly within populations; however, significant Phi(st) values were detected between different geographical localities, supporting noteworthy genetic differentiation among O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Antioxidant, Essential Oils, Evolution, Extracts, Geographic-Variation, Identification, Intra-Genetic Variability, Its, Lamiaceae, Origanum, Parental Taxa, Phylogenetic Relationships, Rapd, Sipyleum, X-Intercedens},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6TC3-4VJJWG7-1\&_user=2139813\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&_docanchor=\&view=c\&_acct=C000054276\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=2139813\&md5=5617b5521c7a560f96bf092c26b3ae1b},
	author = {A Katsiotis and N Nikoloudakis and A Linos and A Drossou and T Constantinidis}
}
@article {Rasikari:2005p1129,
	title = {Acaricidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from selected genera of Australian Lamiaceae},
	journal = {J Econ Entomol},
	volume = {98},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1259{\textendash}1266},
	abstract = {Crude foliar extracts of 67 species from six subfamilies of Australian Lamiaceae were screened by whole organism contact toxicity on the polyphagous mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) by using a Potter precision spray tower. Cytotoxicity assessments against insect cell lines from Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) also were made. The Spodoptera cell line was more susceptible to extracts than the Drosophila cell line. No direct correlation was observed between the two screening methods, but several interesting relationships were identified. Extracts from subfamilies Ajugoideae, Scutellarioideae, Chloanthoideae, Viticoideae and Nepetoideae showed acaricidal activity, whereas only those from Ajugoideae and Nepetoideae displayed potent cytotoxic effects. A range of activities was observed for the 25 species of Plectranthus, 14 of which showed moderate-to-high contact toxicity against T. urticae. Overall, the lowest toxicity was observed for extracts from the plant subfamily Prostantheroideae, which showed little contact toxicity or cytotoxicity for the 18 extracts studied.},
	keywords = {2-Spotted Spider-Mite, Ajuga Plants, Cell-Lines, Clerodane Diterpenoids, Essential Oils, Glossocarya, Insect Cell Lines, Neoclerodane Insect Antifeedants, Plectranthus, Plectranthus-Barbatus, Predatory Mite, Scutellaria-Galericulata, Tetranychus Urticae, Tetranychus-Urticae Acari},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000231056100025\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {HL Rasikari and DN Leach and PG Waterman and RN Spooner-Hart and AH Basta and LK Banbury and PI Forster}
}
