@article {Bendiksby:2011p3198,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Lamium L. (Lamiaceae): Disentangling origins of presumed allotetraploids},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {60},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {986{\textendash}1000},
	abstract = {This is the first comprehensive molecular investigation of the genus Lamium L. We have addressed phylogenetic relationships and presumed allopolyploid speciation by use of nuclear (NRPA2, 5S-NTS) and chloroplast (matK, psbA-trnH, rps16, trnL, trnL-F, trnS-G) DNA sequence data. Nuclear and chloroplast data were incongruent, and nuclear data showed better correlation with morphology. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic results show that (I) Lamium galeobdolon is sister to all remaining Lamium species; (2) Wiedemannia is nested within Lamium; (3) L. amplexicaule is polyphyletic; (4) most tetraploids are of hybrid origin; (5) L. amplexicaule var. orientale is allotetraploid; and (6) Mennema{\textquoteright}s (1989) infrageneric classification is not corroborated by molecular data. Based on the molecular results, and taking morphology into account, we suggest resurrection of two species: L. aleppicum and L. paczoskianum.},
	keywords = {5S-Nts, Allopolyploidy, Asteraceae, Chloroplast Dna, Classification, Complex, Cpdna, Dna-Sequences, Incongruence, Lamioideae, Lamium, Molecular Phylogenetics, Nrpa2, Reconstruction, Reticulate Evolution, Silene Caryophyllaceae, Speciation},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=2B\%2540kNem2NICHnHfl3PI\&product=WOS\&UT=000294507000004\&SrcApp=Papers\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_images\%252Fwok5_failed_auth.html\&Init=Yes\&action=retrieve\&SrcAuth=meken},
	author = {Mika Bendiksby and Anne K Brysting and Lisbeth Thorbek and Galina Gussarova and Olof Ryding}
}
@article {Edwards:2008p1100,
	title = {Phylogeny of Conradina and related southeastern scrub mints (Lamiaceae) based on GapC gene sequences},
	journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences},
	volume = {169},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {579{\textendash}594},
	abstract = {Phylogeny reconstruction at the species level, especially using organellar markers, is often complicated by problems such as incomplete lineage sorting and interspecific hybridization. Single-copy nuclear genes may be useful for these cases because they have higher mutation rates and are biparentally inherited. One plant group in which hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting have been proposed based on analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid data is a clade of mints from the southeastern United States: Conradina and the related genera Dicerandra, Piloblepbis, Stacbydeoma, and Clinopodium (Lamiaceae). To clarify the phylogeny in this clade and investigate the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting and interspecific hybridization, we isolated three members of the nuclear GapC gene family and used two to reconstruct phylogeny. Separate phylogenetic analyses of the two GapC loci did not resolve species relationships. We then used two approaches to concatenate the two heterozygous GapC loci with ITS and plastid data sets from a previous study and carried out combined analyses. Trees resulting from the two concatenation approaches were similar in the resolution and support of generic relationships, but they differed drastically in resolution and support for relationships within Conradina. Conradina species are probably very recently derived, and it may be unreasonable to reconstruct species relationships in Conradina using DNA sequence data due to widespread hybridization or lack of coalescence. Rapidly evolving microsatellite data may be more useful for detecting hybridization and clarifying species boundaries in Conradina.},
	keywords = {Accuracy, Congruence, Conradina, Dna-Sequences, Evolutionary Biology, Gapc, Incongruence, Inference, Lamiaceae, Length Difference Test, Nuclear Genes, Phylogeography, Recombination, Reconstruction, Species Phylogeny},
	doi = {10.1086/528758},
	url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/528758},
	author = {Christine E Edwards and David Lefkowitz and Douglas E Soltis and Pamela S Soltis}
}
@article {Edwards:2006p1091,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of Conradina and other scrub mints (Lamiaceae) from the southeastern USA: Evidence for hybridization in Pleistocene refugia?},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {193{\textendash}207},
	abstract = {Conradina (Lamiaceae) consists of six allopatric species endemic to the southeastern United States, four of which are federally endangered or threatened. The limits and status of several taxa have been contested based on morphological grounds, and clarification of these limits is necessary for the design and implementation of effective and fiscally responsible protection and management plans. The objectives of this study were to investigate the monophyly of Conradina and its relationship to other endemic mints of the southeastern United States, to understand the patterns of diversification in Conradina, and to clarify species relationships. A molecular phylogeny was inferred by sequencing ITS and plastid regions from multiple accessions of each species of Conradina (except for a single accession of C. verticillata) and multiple individuals from species of Clinopodium, Dicerandra, Piloblephis, Stachydeoma, Monarda, Pycnanthemum, and Mentha. ITS sequence data strongly support the monophyly of Conradina, in agreement with evidence from morphology. In contrast, plastid sequence data do not support a monophyletic Conradina and place the genus as paraphyletic to Clinopodium, Stachydeoma, and Piloblephis. Similar plastid haplotypes are shared by different genera, perhaps due to shared ancestral polymorphisms, or more likely, introgression that occurred recently or during the Pleistocene. Within Conradina, ITS sequence data do not resolve species relationships, while plastid sequence data do not support the monophyly of most traditionally defined species of Conradina that are distinguishable morphologically. Species relationships in the plastid data set may also be obscured by introgression or ancestral polymorphism. More rapidly evolving sequence data from nuclear markers will be necessary to clarify relationships in Conradina and related mints from the southeastern United States.},
	keywords = {Armeria Plumbaginaceae, Chloroplast Dna, Incongruence, Length Difference Test, Maximum-Likelihood, Mitochondrial-Dna, Noncoding Regions, Nuclear Ribosomal Dna, Reticulate Evolution, Sequences},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&action=retrieve\&SrcApp=Papers\&UT=000236119500018\&SID=2AFL5dnj5MCc8JPedL5\&SrcAuth=mekentosj\&mode=FullRecord\&customersID=mekentosj\&DestFail=http\%253A\%252F\%252Faccess.isiproducts.com\%252Fcustom_image},
	author = {CE Edwards and DE Soltis and PS Soltis}
}
@booklet {Walker:2007p1114,
	title = {Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever},
	howpublished = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {100},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {375{\textendash}391},
	abstract = {Background and Aims The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented.Methods Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera.Key Results These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus.Conclusions Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.},
	keywords = {Diversification, Dorystaechas, Floral Evolution, Floral Nectar Spurs, Incongruence, Key Innovation, Labiatae, Lepechinia, Melissa, Mentheae, Meriandra, Perovskia, Radiation, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Sequences, Staminal Morphology, Zhumeria},
	doi = {10.1093/aob/mcl176},
	url = {http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/2/375},
	author = {Jay B Walker and Kenneth J Sytsma}
}
@article {Salmaki:2013p3485,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {69},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {535{\textendash}551},
	abstract = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69 (2013) 535-551. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024},
	keywords = {Eurystachys, Incongruence, nrITS, Paraphyly, Plastid DNA, Stachys},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.024},
	author = {Yasaman Salmaki and Shahin Zarre and Olof Ryding and Charlotte Lindqvist and Christian Br{\"a}uchler and G{\"u}nther Heubl and Janet Barber and Mika Bendiksby}
}
